Description of the drug
The Infanrix vaccine is the latest combined vaccine based on safe pertussis antigens, the first vaccine in Russia for the prevention of whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus with an acellular pertussis component.
Infanrix is used to prevent diseases characterized by severe course and possible death. The relevance and prevalence of these infections continues to this day, and the low incidence rate is ensured solely by creating an “immune layer” through vaccination from an early age.
How does Infanrix differ from DTP?
“Anti-vaxxers” have perhaps the most complaints about the DTP vaccine among the entire range of vaccines that are administered to children in the first years of life. The reason for this is that DTP is quite difficult for children to tolerate. Many vaccinated people report high fever and poor health for several days after vaccination. Strong side effects are associated with the pertussis component of DTP - this is why neurologists and pediatricians recommend ADS-M instead of DTP for weakened children, that is, only diphtheria-tetanus toxoid, without whooping cough. Infanrix, unlike its domestic analogue, does not contain cells of the whooping cough pathogen.
To form an immune response, only three antigens (out of approximately three thousand) are extracted from these cells, which are used in the vaccine. This does not affect the effectiveness of Infanrix, but it is much less allergenic, much less often accompanied by fever and is easier to tolerate.
It also follows from this difference that during repeated vaccination or revaccination it is possible to switch to Infanrix after DTP, but vice versa is undesirable. If the first vaccinations contained only three antigens, you should not switch your child to a vaccine containing whole cells of the whooping cough pathogen.
Directions for use and doses
A single dose is 0.5 ml, contained in a specially designed syringe. This syringe dose of the Infanrix vaccine is aseptically packaged and adapted for convenient transportation and storage, equipped with a special needle that minimizes pain from the injection. The use of such a syringe eliminates overdose and reuse.
The Infanrix vaccine is administered intramuscularly into the thigh. Injection into the buttock is not currently practiced. Intravenous administration is strictly contraindicated.
Compatibility of Infanrix with other vaccines
The Infanrix vaccine can be administered simultaneously with all drugs from the national calendar of preventive vaccinations on the same day, in different parts of the body, with the exception of the BCG vaccine.
The use of the Infanrix vaccine in combination with other vaccinations does not affect their immunogenicity (ability to develop immunity). Tolerability of vaccines does not deteriorate, and the number of adverse reactions does not increase. It is allowed to mix the Infanrix vaccine with the Hiberix vaccine (vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b) in one syringe.
Administering several vaccines on the same day does not place an excessive burden on the immune system. Infanrix can be used to complete a course of vaccination started with other vaccines against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus, as well as for revaccination if necessary. All vaccines in the Russian national vaccination calendar are interchangeable.
The essence of the drug Infanrix
Vaccination with Infanrix helps create specific immunity in a person to three main infections - whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. Sometimes such a vaccine is also called acellular pertussis to characterize its main difference from the domestic vaccine of similar action called DPT.
Content:
- The essence of the drug Infanrix
- Contraindications, side effects and complications
- Similar vaccines
The fact is that the Belgian preparation does not contain whole cells of pertussis infection. The vaccine contains destroyed parts of bacterial antigens that are capable of forming antibodies in humans. This makes the drug safer for the body and purified. After all, it has long been known that most of the adverse reactions caused by the DTP vaccine are provoked precisely by the whooping cough component. Infanrix, compared to DPT, contains only 5 of the 3000 whooping cough antigens, which reduces its allergenicity tenfold.
The fact that the use of Infanrix results in a weaker immune system has not been scientifically proven. This vaccine contains pertactin, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, hemagglutinin and pertussis toxins. Pertactin and hemagglutinin also belong to the antigens of the causative agent of whooping cough, and the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in Infanrix are highly purified and inactivated by high temperatures.
Vaccination with Infanrix should be carried out within the same time frame as standard DTP vaccination. The first vaccination should be given to a child at the age of 3 months. To complete the immunization cycle, vaccination is repeated at 4.5 and 6 months.
13 months after the last vaccination, revaccination is carried out using the drug Infanrix. It is important to remember that shifting the timing of vaccination due to temporary contraindications will not in any way worsen the formation of immunity in the child, so it is better, if there are any diseases or temporary restrictions, to refrain from the injection and give it when the child is completely healthy.
Also, the idea of some experts that if a child has been vaccinated with Infanrix has not been scientifically proven, then after it it is no longer possible to revaccinate with DTP. All specialized medical sources contain information that all vaccines against whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria are completely interchangeable, and it is possible to replace monocomponent vaccines with multicomponent ones and vice versa.
The drug Infanrix must be injected deep into the muscle. There are no other methods of administering the vaccine. Vaccination using this vaccine can be carried out simultaneously with vaccination against other diseases, however, taking different drugs into one syringe is strictly prohibited.
Specific immunity after vaccination with this drug begins to form a month after the third vaccination. In this case, 99% of those vaccinated develop immunity to diphtheria and tetanus, and 95% to whooping cough. With revaccination at the age of 18 months, the secondary response of the immune system enhances the result after the primary triple vaccination. In general, the Infanrix vaccine forms stable immunity to all three diseases in 88% of children.
Vaccination scheme
The course of primary vaccination consists of 3 doses of vaccine administered according to the National Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations of the Russian Federation at 3 - 4.5 - 6 months. In case of violation of the vaccination course schedule, the subsequent interval between the administration of the next dose of Infanrix® does not change and is 1.5 months. Revaccination is carried out 12 months after the third dose of the primary vaccination course.
In all cases of violation of the vaccination schedule, the doctor must be guided by the National Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations of the Russian Federation.
Contraindications to the use of INFANRIX®
- known hypersensitivity to any component of this vaccine, as well as if the patient has experienced symptoms of hypersensitivity after a previous administration of the Infanrix ® vaccine;
- severe reaction (temperature more than 40°C, hyperemia or swelling more than 8 cm in diameter) or complication (collapse or shock-like state that developed within 48 hours after vaccine administration; continuous crying lasting 3 hours or more that occurred within 48 hours after administration of the vaccine; convulsions, accompanied or not accompanied by a febrile state, occurring within 3 days after vaccination) following the previous administration of the Infanrix ® vaccine;
- encephalopathy that developed within 7 days after the previous administration of a vaccine containing a pertussis component. In this case, the vaccination course should be continued with diphtheria-tetanus vaccine.
Side effects
The Infanrix vaccine has lower reactogenicity compared to whole cell vaccines (DTP). Allergic reactions have been very rarely reported with the administration of Infanrix. 10% of vaccinated people experienced the following side effects: redness/swelling/pain at the injection site, increased body temperature to low-grade levels.
Less frequently (in 0.1% of cases), complications such as lymphadenopathy, fever to febrile levels, compaction at the injection site, and severe restlessness of the child were recorded.
special instructions
Before vaccination, you should study the child’s medical history, paying attention to previous administration of vaccines and the associated occurrence of adverse reactions, and also conduct an examination.
Administration of the vaccine should be postponed if the child has an acute illness accompanied by fever. In case of a mild infectious disease, vaccination can be carried out after the temperature has normalized.
As with any other vaccine, you should have everything you need ready to stop a possible anaphylactic reaction to Infanrix ®. Therefore, the vaccinated person must be under medical supervision for 30 minutes after immunization.
Infanrix should be used with caution in patients with thrombocytopenia or coagulation disorders, since in such patients, intramuscular injection may cause bleeding. To prevent bleeding, apply pressure to the injection site without rubbing it for at least 2 minutes.
HIV infection is not a contraindication to vaccination.
When the vaccine is administered to patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy or to patients with immunodeficiency conditions, an adequate immune response may not be achieved.
The following conditions are contraindications to the administration of whole-cell DTP vaccines and can be considered general precautions when administering the Infanrix ® vaccine:
- temperature 40.5°C or higher within 48 hours after vaccination, not associated with reasons other than vaccine administration;
- collapse or shock-like state (hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode) that developed within 48 hours after vaccine administration;
- continuous crying, lasting 3 hours or more, occurring within 48 hours after administration of the vaccine;
- convulsions, accompanied or unaccompanied by a febrile state, occurring within 3 days after vaccination.
In children with progressive neurological disorders, including infantile spasms, uncontrolled epilepsy, or progressive encephalopathy, administration of pertussis vaccine (whole cell or acellular) should be delayed until the condition is stabilized. The decision to prescribe pertussis-containing vaccine should be made on an individual basis after a careful assessment of the benefits and risks.
A history of febrile seizures or a family history of seizures is not a contraindication, but requires special attention.
It is necessary to take into account the potential risk of apnea and the need to monitor respiratory function for 48-72 hours when conducting a course of primary vaccination in children born prematurely (≥ 28 weeks of gestation) and, especially, children with respiratory distress syndrome. Due to the need to vaccinate children in this group, vaccination should not be delayed or denied.
How is vaccination carried out?
Vaccination is carried out in a vaccination room, in compliance with all sanitary requirements. All drugs are certified. A certificate for the drug is provided upon request.
Without reminders, before vaccination, the medical worker must show the drug and the expiration date of the vaccine.
Only sterile and disposable instruments are used. The vaccination must be carried out using disposable medical gloves.
On the day of vaccination, the child is examined by a pediatrician and the temperature is measured. In the absence of contraindications, vaccination is carried out. Information about the vaccination performed is entered into the card, vaccination certificate, and detailed recommendations for caring for the child in the post-vaccination period are given.
Before vaccination, the doctor will answer all your questions. Be sure to bring information about previous vaccinations to your appointment!
Please note that vaccination of a child, Mantoux test, Diaskintest can only be carried out in the presence of parents or legal representatives of the child (guardians), or if the accompanying person has a NOTARIZED power of attorney to carry out the manipulation (indicating the drug planned for administration) . Otherwise, vaccination will be denied. We comply with the laws of the Russian Federation.
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