Polar: composition of the polarizing mixture, indications for use

Polarka is used to treat severe heart pathologies. The medicine is administered by drip and works quickly. The polarizing mixture contains components that improve the functioning of the heart muscle. The composition of the drug varies depending on the type. The doctor prescribes a certain mixture depending on the nature and degree of the disease, and the general well-being of the patient is also taken into account. Initially, the medicine was used for heart attacks, then it began to be used to treat other heart pathologies. Why is a polar dropper used in modern medicine? In most cases, it is prescribed for arrhythmia.

Chemical composition

At the moment, several versions of the drug are available.

The standard solution includes the following components:

• potassium chloride (various concentrations);
• glucose anhydrous;
• insulin.

Magnesium sulfate can also be added to the medication. Injection water is used as an auxiliary ingredient.

Application

Naturally, there are no specific framework for the use of this drug, at least due to the fact that there is a different composition. The drug is administered intravenously via a dropper, but there are other options when one of the components is taken orally and the other is injected directly into the blood.

The dosage of the drug also depends on the patient and the diagnosis he was given. Typically, in the first days the patient is prescribed no more than 20 grams of potassium chloride, and then this dosage may change.

Despite the positive aspects of this mixture, there are those who consider it ineffective. Treatment experience shows that it is not so effective if used for developed arrhythmias, if the basis for their occurrence is not a lack of calcium. In addition, there are drugs that are more effective, for example, lidocaine, which is also used to prevent the occurrence of arrhythmias in the acute period of myocardial infarction.

Pharmacological properties

The drug belongs to the group of cardioplegic drugs. Its action is aimed at replenishing the lack of potassium in the body. When administered intravenously, the drug promotes the activation of enzymes produced in the cytoplasm. At the same time, it normalizes osmotic pressure inside cells, and is also responsible for the synthesis of protein compounds and participates in the transport of amino acids.

The solution restores the transmission of nerve impulses, regulates and normalizes the contractility of skeletal muscle tissue.

The active substance (potassium) helps reduce heart rate (HR) and reduces its contractility. At the same time, the conductivity of impulses and the work of the heart muscle are normalized.

When using low dosages, the drug leads to dilation of the coronary vessels; when using large doses, it causes a narrowing of these vessels. The drug activates the excitation of the sympathetic part of the central nervous system and exhibits moderate diuretic properties.

Systematic use of the drug leads to a reduction in the risk of developing toxic effects caused by the influence of cardiac glycosides. Another active substance (glucose) is used as a plasma fluid substitute.

How does polar influence work?

The medicine is in demand in medicine; it is often used for myocardial infarction and arrhythmia. This solution normalizes the functioning of the heart muscle, improves metabolism, and helps restore the cardiovascular system. Malfunctions of the heart can occur due to calcium metabolism disorders. Some patients are diagnosed with diseases in which the myocardium experiences oxygen starvation. The polarizing mixture restores the volume of potassium in the myocardium. Insulin maintains glucose levels in cellular structures.

The use of the mixture is advisable for severe forms of arrhythmia. The medicine has different composition. The dosage is individual, it depends on the diagnosis and clinical picture. Initially, the doctor prescribes a dose of 20 g of potassium chloride, and subsequently the dosage is adjusted. Some doctors believe that the polarizing mixture is ineffective. If the medicine does not help with arrhythmia, other drugs and treatments are prescribed. The polarizing mixture helps well with calcium metabolism disorders.

What are non-depolarizing muscle relaxants used for?

Medicines are divided into two types:

1. depolarizing;
2. non-depolarizing.

Depolarizing agents act on the receptors, thus causing the fibers to contract. Antidepolarizing muscle relaxants block receptors, deactivating the depolarization process. Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants are often used in medicine. They affect the autonomic nervous system and are responsible for the production of histamine.

If you use medications without following the dosage, severe side effects may occur! The patient may experience bronchospasm; there are cases when the pressure decreases and the condition of the skin is disrupted. To avoid side effects, the doctor administers H1 and H2 blockers; they are also used for tracheal intubation. The dosage of antidepolarizing muscle relaxants is individual. Taking medications incorrectly leads to side effects.

Popular Elimination of microorganisms during infection with Cefazolin injections

Antidepolarizing muscle relaxants prevent fasciculation. If the drug is administered in low temperature conditions, the effect slows down. The effect of an antidepolarizing muscle relaxant is reduced when there is an electrolyte imbalance or a lack of potassium and calcium. Susceptibility to the drug depends on the age of the patient. Children are particularly sensitive to muscle relaxants. The decision to reduce the dose is made by the doctor. Before prescribing antidepolarizing muscle relaxants, you should find out what medications the patient is currently taking. Drugs used in parallel may weaken or enhance the effect of muscle relaxants.

It is important to diagnose other diseases. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or an autoimmune disease, hypersensitivity to a muscle relaxant may occur. Intolerance is observed in cerebral palsy and burns. If the patient is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy, a muscle relaxant gives a more powerful effect. The body reacts differently to such medications, this is due to the fact that the blood vessels differ in size.

Manifestation of arrhythmia

As noted above, this solution is used for arrhythmia. The disease occurs against the background of vegetative and hormonal disorders. The cause of the pathology may be electrolyte disturbances and severe intoxication. In some cases, arrhythmia occurs due to drug overdose. Heart rhythm disturbances also occur against the background of neurocirculatory dystonia. If the heart rate increases, tachycardia develops. In severe cases, the disease leads to fainting and death.

To detect arrhythmia, you need to do an electrocardiogram. If the procedure does not produce results, the doctor prescribes an EPI. The method allows you to identify heart rhythm disturbances and assess the severity of the disease. Next, the doctor prescribes treatment. In the treatment of a disease such as arrhythmia, different methods are used. Drugs are prescribed for drip administration (including polar). In other situations, catheter ablation or surgery is used. In each case, treatment is individual.

For severe arrhythmia, some medications do not help. Radiofrequency ablation is a specialized surgical procedure used to treat arrhythmia. How does the heart work? The cardiovascular system produces impulses that help the heart muscles contract. The heart works normally if the upper and lower chambers contract. The number of cuts varies. If a person is at rest, the organ contracts 60 to 80 times per minute. The heartbeat increases during physical and psycho-emotional stress.

The effect of polar water on the body

Polarka (the composition of the dropper and indications for use may vary slightly depending on the purpose) has a complex effect, since it is multicomponent. The action of the solution is aimed at normalizing metabolic processes in the body and stabilizing cardiac activity. It has a pronounced cardioprotective effect.

Action:

• strengthening the nervous system;
• maintaining molecular energy;
• stabilization of blood pressure;
• relaxation of muscle activity and excitability;
• elimination of spasms developing in the area of ​​coronary vessels and arteries;
• preventing blood clots;
• restoration of urination processes.

Due to this effect on the body, injections are widely used in various fields of medicine.

What is this?

What is a polarizing mixture? Its composition and indications, as in other medicines, are directly related to each other. As a rule, it is prescribed to patients with acute disorders of the cardiovascular system, but in addition, it has also found its use in neurology.

In the classic version, the mixture includes four drugs:

• glucose, to maintain the energy supply of cells;
• potassium to make it easier to generate action potentials;
• magnesium, which strengthens the nervous system;
• insulin, which helps all previous substances penetrate into the cell.

There may be other options that are selected individually, depending on the indications and characteristics of the patient’s body.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Potassium mostly leaves the body through urine. In lower quantities, the substance is excreted through bowel movements, as well as with saliva, bile and pancreatic components.

Glucose is amenable to metabolic transformation and is involved in many metabolic processes. The breakdown products of the ingredient are eliminated from the body by the renal system and lungs. In various disorders associated with the formation of glucose (diabetes mellitus), the substance leaves the body through the kidneys.

Indications for use

The medicine is prescribed in the treatment of tachycardia and extrasystolic arrhythmia, which develop against the background of a decrease in potassium in the blood, including conditions caused by taking cardiac glycosides.

Additional indications:

• myocardial infarction;

• various forms of myasthenia;
• traumatic brain injuries;
• coronary heart disease (CHD);
• swelling of the brain;
• tracheal intubation;
• toxic damage to the body (poisoning);
• acute coronary syndrome (ACS);
• general exhaustion of the body.

Injections are used only after identifying the form of the disorder and making a diagnosis.

The principle of influence on the body

Components included in the complex therapeutic mixture:

• allow substances to freely penetrate into cells (insulin)
• support the energy of molecules (glucose);
• strengthen the nervous system (magnesium);
• facilitate the generation of effective potential (potassium).

Polarizing droppers have long been recognized by doctors. Complex compositions have gained confidence due to their positive effects on heart attacks. Such mixtures normalize heart rhythm by stabilizing disturbed metabolism. At the same time, the volume of potassium lost during illness is replenished.

Panangin or magnesium sulfate solution, if included in the polarizing mixture, supports the cardioprotective effect of the drug.

It also has the following characteristics:

• preventing blood clots;
• decreased blood pressure;
• weakening of arterial spasms;
• muscle relaxation;
• increased urination.

A polarizing mixture (the composition of the dropper has restorative and protective effects) is indicated for serious heart problems. Doctors also prescribe this remedy to those who have a deficiency of magnesium and potassium in their blood. The drug stabilizes the rhythm and has a beneficial effect on the heart.

When potassium accumulates inside the body under the influence of glucose and insulin, muscle cells become more polar and also respond more easily to excitatory signals.

With an overdose of potassium, which occurs after the rapid introduction of a polarizing mixture through the system, side effects may occur such as:

• allergy;
• acidosis;
• hyperkalemia;
• paralysis;
• fatigue;
• muscle weakness;
• paresthesia and convulsions;
• heaviness in the arms or legs;
• confusion;
• heart failure;
• bradycardia;
• arrhythmia;
• nausea.

Signs of potassium overdose are:

• slow heart rate;
• ECG changes;
• fatal hyperkalemia.

Potassium becomes toxic to patients with impaired adrenal function. Patients with traumatic brain injuries or slow conduction of cardiac impulses during therapy with polarizing droppers should be constantly monitored by a physician. The composition of the systems must be administered as slowly as possible so as not to lose the patient from severe hyperkalemia.

Contraindications

Polarka (the composition of the dropper and indications for use are determined by the doctor, based on the identified pathology) has some restrictions on use related to the special conditions or physiology of the patient.

Contraindications:

• functional disorders of the renal system (impaired excretory capacity);
• pulmonary or cerebral edema;
• heart block (complete);
• intestinal obstruction;
• excess potassium in the blood, which has a different mechanism and nature of origin;
• increased blood sugar concentration;
• intolerance to components;
• hyperosmolar coma;
• excess water level in the body;
• high levels of chlorine in the blood;
• Addison's syndrome;
• pregnancy;
• lactation period;
• dehydration (acute conditions);
• disorders that cause inhibition of body functions that are responsible for the removal of glucose (during the period after surgery);
• circulatory diseases (with the threat of developing swelling in the lungs and brain);
• burn conditions;
• left ventricular failure (acute form of the disorder);

Droppers can be prescribed with extreme caution to patients with diabetes mellitus and in the presence of chronic heart failure (in the stage of decompensation). If these symptoms are present, it is recommended to choose another treatment.

Instructions for use, dosage

The dosage is calculated individually after an ECG and determination of the potassium concentration in the blood. The severity and form of the violation are taken into account.

Polarka: composition

Dosage: from 0.5 to 2 g of solution per day. The infusion rate is from 20 to 30 drops per minute. Duration of therapy – single dose or course therapy (according to specialist indications).

Directions for use and doses

The solution is administered at a rate of 40 drops/min, taking into account the glucose value within 150 mg/dl for 14 days.

A patient in a state of shock, in the presence of vascular insufficiency or arrhythmia, is recommended to infuse a 50% glucose composition with 60 IU of insulin.

Patients in satisfactory condition are administered the following volume of infusion solution: 18% glucose composition with 40 units of insulin. Maintenance treatment is based on a different scheme: it is necessary to take a 10% glucose solution simultaneously with 20 units of insulin.

Signs of overdose

In case of cardiovascular diseases, an overdose of polar can occur, the concentration of potassium will increase over 4 mmol/l, magnesium - more than 1 mmol/l, and the condition of the patient with acute coronary syndrome will worsen.

In some cases, the use of a polarizing mixture increases the risk of mortality by 58% from thrombosis and deterioration of the patient's condition in cardiogenic shock. An overdose of polar water has a negative effect on patients with diabetes, increasing myocardial ischemia.

In order not to worsen the condition of a patient with myocardial infarction, the potassium value is determined in the blood serum. If it is less than 4 mmol/l, 60 mmol KS1 is administered. To avoid overdose, when the potassium value exceeds 5.5 mmol/l, it is not added to the polarizing mixture.

Signs of drug poisoning are manifested by the following symptoms: weakness, changes in respiratory rate, and in some patients, heart failure develops.

An overdose of the drug has a general toxic effect, and disturbances in the contractility or conduction of the heart muscle may occur.

Side effects

Concomitant effects of the drug:

• pain at the injection site;
• phlebitis if the concentration of the substance exceeds 30 mmol/l;
• increased amount of potassium in the blood due to kidney pathologies;
• low blood pressure;
• impaired sensitivity in the limbs;
• frequent extrasystoles;
• skin diseases.

Often, side effects of the drug occur when kidney function is impaired. In this case, potassium exceeds the permissible level in the blood plasma and can contribute to the appearance of intoxication. The patient experiences complete heart block, an increased amount of chlorine in the blood serum, acute renal failure, absence of urine, nitrogen poisoning.

Often, the doctor diagnoses acidosis, which has developed as a result of the progression of diabetes mellitus, and acute dehydration. Administration of the drug can cause intestinal damage, obstruction, atrioventricular block, Addison's disease.

In a patient with chronic renal failure, with rapid administration of a polar solution, hyperkalemia develops, which often leads to death. Special precautions are required for pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Side effects

Polyarka droppers can lead to the development of undesirable manifestations, regardless of their composition and area of ​​application. At the same time, adverse reactions caused by the action of the active components of the product occur extremely rarely. Such effects are associated with the individual characteristics of the patient’s body. Therefore, it is recommended to use the solution with extreme caution and with constant monitoring by doctors.

Side effects:

• Disturbances in water and electrolyte balance: decreased levels of magnesium, sodium and phosphates, increased potassium concentrations.
• Digestive system disorders: dyspepsia (development of nausea and pain).
• Cardiovascular disorders: impaired conduction function of the myocardium, decreased heart rhythm (up to 60 beats per minute), arrhythmia, extrasystolic disorders, decreased blood pressure.
• Immune disorders: allergy symptoms - skin rashes, angioedema, shock, excessive heat accumulation in the body (hyperthermia).
• Malfunctions of the central nervous system: general weakness, confusion, impaired sensitivity (paresthesia).
• Other manifestations: infectious damage to the body, the development of thrombophlebitis, a feeling of suffocation, an increase in the volume of circulating blood and plasma, thrombosis in the veins, pain in the throat area.

If the listed disorders and conditions occur, therapy should be discontinued and appropriate symptomatic treatment should be prescribed.

Overdose

It is necessary to strictly follow the dosages prescribed by a specialist or indicated in the instructions, since an increase in active substances in the body can provoke severe and life-threatening conditions for the patient.

Overdose:

• general weakness and malaise of the body;
• mental disorders;
• toxic damage to the body caused by increased levels of magnesium, potassium and other components in the blood;
• fainting conditions;
• strong thirst;
• decreased blood pressure;
• disturbance of rhythms and frequency of breathing (depression of respiratory function);
• numbness of the limbs;
• pain in the stomach;
• heart failure (impaired contractile and conductive functions of the myocardium).

If overdose symptoms develop, the drug is discontinued and appropriate therapy is administered.

special instructions

The solution should be administered slowly, since too high a rate of infusion can lead to a sharp increase in potassium in the blood, which, in turn, can cause death.

Throughout the entire period of treatment, it is necessary to monitor the concentration of potassium in the body and conduct a cardiac cardiogram. Patients with renal failure may experience signs of intoxication caused by potassium salts. Magnesium deficiency requires mandatory therapy in conjunction with the treatment of potassium deficiency.

The drug is used with extreme caution for pathologies of the cardiovascular system, as well as in patients with hemorrhages inside the head or back. In case of long-term use of the solution, systematic monitoring of blood glucose concentration is required. Droppers are placed with great caution in elderly patients.

In the case of replacement therapy, it is not recommended to use glucose preparations, as this may cause a decrease in potassium levels. During pregnancy, the medicine can be used taking into account the potential risks and expected benefits. If breastfeeding, you should stop breastfeeding for the entire period of treatment.

The drug is intended for inpatient medical institutions, so there is no data on the ability of the drug to influence the psyche and visual functions of a person while driving.

Polarizing mixture test

Doctors conducted research, as a result of which they were able to find out the following. If the cause of arrhythmia is hypokalemia or poisoning with cardiac glycosides, the use of polar may be ineffective. It is also believed that this drug is less effective than lidocaine. A polarizing mixture can be used to enhance the effect of other medications intended to treat arrhythmia. If the doctor suspects a patient has kidney failure, he stops administering medications with potassium salts. However, if a microelement is lost through urine or vomiting, its deficiency must be compensated.

Popular Cleansing the body with Acesol solution in a dropper

Drug interactions

Polarka (the composition of the dropper and indications for use are taken into account when prescribing to patients with additional disorders) increases the tolerability of cardiac glycosides. In this connection, if necessary, you can use it with drugs that include digitalis, as well as simultaneously with strophanthin.

The risks of increasing potassium concentrations are significantly increased when the drug is used together with the following drugs:

• potassium-sparing diuretics;
• ACE inhibitors;
• β-blockers;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs);
• drugs from the group of cyclosporines;
• trimethoprim.

Do not use the main solution simultaneously with blood products. Thiazide diuretics and Furosemide may have an effect on glucose, which should be taken into account when combined with injections.

In this case, this component causes the following reactions with other drugs:

• Painkillers and adrenergic agonists – reducing their effect.
• Streptomycin – inactivation of the drug.
• Nystatin – decreased effectiveness.

It is not recommended to simultaneously combine glucose injections in the same infusion system with lymph, since such use can lead to the development of nonspecific reactions (agglucinations).

However, you should also not use the product with other medications, since glucose itself has an acidic environment.

It is prohibited to combine the drug with the following drugs (complete drug incompatibility):

• dobutaimn hydrochloride;
• amphotericin;
• amikacin sulfate;
• fat emulsions for parenteral administration.

When using other medications during the period of using infusions, you should first consult with a specialist.

Analogs

Similar drugs can be prescribed by the attending physician based on the examinations performed and the degree of tolerability of the main solution. In this case, the indications and other physiological characteristics of the patient are also taken into account.

Asparkam

This remedy is a domestic medical development and is produced in the form of oral tablets. The active composition is potassium and magnesium aspartate.

The medicine has a similar effect to the main solution and is used in the treatment of the following diseases:

• heart failure (chronic form of the disorder);
• IHD;
• potassium deficiency (hypokalemia);
• arrhythmia provoked by taking cardiac glycosides.

Dosage regimen: 1-2 tablets 3 times a day. The course of therapy is from 3 to 4 weeks. The drug has multiple contraindications that must be studied in advance. Tablets can be used with extreme caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The sales system is prescription based. Prices in pharmacies – from 80 to 140 rubles.

Panangin

Polarka (the composition of the dropper and indications for use are determined only after the necessary comprehensive studies) is used only on the recommendations of a doctor and under his strict guidance.

The Hungarian-made drug is a complete structural analogue of the main solution. The product is produced in the form of a lyophilisate for the preparation of infusions. The substitute has a similar chemical composition and mechanism of action.

Indications:

• ischemic heart diseases (including myocardial infarction);
• heart failure (chronic course of the disease);
• various heart rhythm disturbances caused by taking cardiac glycosides.

Directions for use: administered intravenously as a dropper (no more than 20 drops per minute). If necessary, it can be reused after 4-6 hours. The medicine has numerous contraindications, which should be read in advance (including pregnancy and childhood). The lyophilisate is subject to prescription. The average cost of a medication ranges from 70 to 130 rubles.

Panaspar

This medical drug is manufactured in Russia in the form of tablets for oral administration. Chemical composition – potassium and magnesium aspartate.

Indications:

• ischemic heart diseases (including myocardial infarction);
• chronic course of heart failure;
• arrhythmia caused by the use of cardiac glycosides.

Directions for use: after meals, 1-2 tablets 3 times a day. The tablets are available over-the-counter. Cost – 210-305 rubles.

What is polar

A polarizing mixture in the form of a dropper is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in a hospital setting

The polarizing mixture is not available in finished form today. This is due to limited shelf life. Therefore, the pharmacy of the medical institution independently prepares them on site.

The mixture is a solution prepared on the basis of glucose. This may be 5 or 10 percent of the substance per volume of dissolved liquid. Either potassium chloride, Asparkam, or Panangin is added to it.

An optional component is magnesium, usually found in aspartate. That is, it can be used as part of a medicinal mixture, but not necessarily.

The increased glucose load should be leveled with short-acting insulin. Its amount depends on the concentration and sugar content in the solution.

Watch a video about the role of magnesium in the body:

Composition of polar

Another name for the mixture is glucose-potassium-insulin mixture. It is called the classic dropper composition. But it is possible to add magnesium salt to potentiate (strengthen) the therapeutic effect.

Price

Prices for a medicine may vary depending on the area where it is sold and its composition. You can find out the exact cost and purchase an IV at any state or commercial pharmacy.

You can also buy the mixture at any certified medical institution:

It is prohibited to use IVs yourself, since they are intended for use in medical institutions. Only a specialist should prescribe and administer the product. The composition of Polyarka is selected individually, based on the established disorder and only according to the indications of the attending physician.

Compound

There is no standard by which a polarizing mixture can be defined. The composition, indications and contraindications vary depending on what the patient needs most at the moment. Several different versions of this mixture are known:

1. Two grams of potassium chloride, six units of insulin and three hundred and fifty milliliters of five percent glucose. This is a classic set.
2. The second option differs only in the proportions of substances. Take twice as much potassium, eight units of insulin and one hundred milliliters less glucose, but it should be twice as concentrated.
3. Another acceptable composition: panangin - up to 80 milliliters, eight units of insulin and one hundred and fifty milliliters of glucose.

But these are not the only options for what a polarized mixture could look like. The composition, as a rule, is tailored to a specific person, based on his needs. In addition, doctors may have their own proven recipes for this drug.