Who is the ADSM vaccine indicated for: prescription for children and adults, reaction, side effects

ADSm - transcript

ADSM is a domestic vaccine that contains diphtheria and tetanus antigens. The "M" in its name stands for "small doses." In comparison with the DTP vaccine, which is also used to build immunity to these diseases, the number of antigens in the drug is halved. There is no pertussis component in it at all, which determines the purpose of the ADSm vaccine.

It is used for booster vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus in children and adults. With repeated administration of the drug, a reduced amount of active components is sufficient to prolong immune protection. The pertussis component at this age is no longer as necessary as in early childhood: after four years, whooping cough does not pose a mortal danger to the child.

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How necessary is the diphtheria vaccination?

It’s probably not worth talking about once again how dangerous diphtheria can be for an unvaccinated child. However, not all parents fully understand the consequences of completely refusing vaccinations, and therefore one can often find heated discussions about the dangers of vaccinations themselves and their apparent uselessness. Objections of this kind have been circulating among the population for quite a long time, but it should be remembered that the infant mortality rate for a disease such as diphtheria reaches seventy percent (if you do not consult a doctor in time to recognize the disease and do not admit the child to a hospital under the supervision of specialists).

In addition, the toxins secreted by the causative agent of the disease affect the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, causing the appearance of plaque and films that block the free access of air, and it is very difficult to remove such plaque. However, even after specialists remove the films, consequences remain in the form of ulcerated mucous membranes of the larynx, and in severe cases, tissue necrosis. Treatment of this disease also involves the use of medications from the group of antibiotics, which will take a lot of time and effort.

Of course, this does not mean that by getting vaccinated, you are 100% insured against diphtheria infection, but statistics show that the risk of infection in this case is less than ten percent, and the course of the disease will be much less life-threatening. Well, one last thing: without information about such a vaccination, it will be very difficult for an adult to get a job in medicine, education, animal care and many other areas.

At what age is the ADSM vaccine given?

“The drug is used for planned age-related revaccinations at the age of six to seven years, as well as at 14 years,” Abdulaeva clarifies. — Afterwards, revaccination is carried out every 10 years without age restrictions. It can also be used for primary vaccination if there are contraindications to DTP vaccination.”

Due to the “weakened” composition of the DPT vaccine compared to DPT, the DPT vaccine is much easier to tolerate by children and adults. Therefore, it is prescribed to children who have previously shown severe general reactions to the DTP vaccine. Convulsions, an increase in body temperature up to 40 degrees, the development of shock or shrill crying for many hours are all signs of an acute reaction that are not a contraindication for revaccination. The use of the ADSM vaccine for children allows you to reduce the risk of complications after vaccination, while at the same time forming sufficient immunity to serious infections.

In adults, there are no alternatives to the drug. It is used both for primary vaccination, if previous vaccinations against diphtheria and tetanus have not been given, and for repeated vaccination, which is recommended every 10 years.

Recipe for a folk remedy for infiltration after vaccination

One tablet of acetylsalicylic acid is crushed and stirred in two tablespoons of alcohol. The suspension is applied to a gauze napkin, which is applied to the nodule pre-lubricated with unrefined vegetable oil, covered with cling film and fixed with a band-aid. Keep the compress overnight. Repeat daily or every other day, for a total of 2-4 procedures.

Compress on the shoulder blade

If the infiltrate is extensive, inflamed and tense, purulent discharge appears, the general body temperature rises, weakness and malaise increase, contact a specialist to prescribe specialized treatment.

According to indications, the doctor performs surgical procedures, makes dressings, prescribes medicinal antibacterial drugs and physiotherapeutic procedures.

ADSM for children - preparation for vaccination

No special preparation is required for vaccination. It is important that the child is healthy and has not been sick for the last 14 days. Vaccination is not performed in five cases:

1. the child had a severe reaction or severe complications after receiving the same vaccine earlier;
2. the child is sick - there are signs of an acute infectious or non-infectious disease;
3. there is an exacerbation of a chronic disease;
4. progression of neurological disease was noted;
5. The child is characterized by acute allergic reactions.

At the same time, the tendency to allergic reactions is a conditional contraindication, since the lack of immunity to diphtheria and tetanus is much more dangerous than the likelihood of an allergic attack. Therefore, the decision on the possibility of using the vaccine is made by the doctor based on the patient’s health condition.

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Possible contraindications and reactions to vaccination

Vaccination with "AS-anatoxin" against tetanus infection is not done if the child:

• non-communicable or infectious diseases;
• chronic pathologies in an acute form;
• protracted serious illnesses (tuberculosis, meningitis, hepatitis, etc.);
• allergy to the components of the drug;
• a severe reaction occurred during a previous vaccination;
• impaired immunity (immunosuppression, oncology, anemia).

You can get a tetanus vaccination no earlier than a month after recovery or in a state of remission of chronic pathologies.

"AS-anatoxin" can cause general and local adverse reactions. Local symptoms include redness, itching, swelling, and soreness. They disappear after 1-2 days. Common reactions include fever and weakness. Rarely, complications may develop: anaphylactic shock, joint pain, fever, skin rashes. If your child develops complications, you should definitely consult a doctor.

Side effects of the ADSM vaccine

Children are vaccinated with ADSM in the front surface of the thigh, the drug is administered intramuscularly. For adults, it is injected deep subcutaneously into the subscapular region.

“The vaccine is low-reactogenic and in most cases is well tolerated,” clarifies Madina Abdulaeva. — After its use, it is extremely rare to experience any reactions. And if they are observed, then the lungs are mainly local.”

A normal reaction to ADSm, which manifests itself:

• slight malaise;
• slight increase in body temperature;
• swelling, induration and pain at the injection site.

These reactions can be observed for two to three days, gradually their severity decreases. They are not dangerous to health, and therefore it is enough to provide the child or adult with peace for a while after vaccination. Lubricate the painful injection site with a decongestant gel, which will reduce discomfort.

In rare cases, the reaction may be more pronounced and acute. A complication is considered to be a temperature after ADS that reaches high levels - from 39.5 degrees, and persists for several days. A dangerous consequence can be the development of Quincke's edema and anaphylactic shock. Allergic reactions are manifested by skin rashes and hives.

“In rare cases, swelling of the larynx and vocal cords may occur,” comments Madina Abdulaeva. — It develops within a few minutes after administration of the drug. Therefore, it is very important to stay in the clinic after vaccination for at least half an hour.”

It is impossible to predict an allergic reaction. Therefore, for people prone to allergies, it is recommended to exclude obvious allergens from the diet on the eve of the procedure and adhere to a hypoallergenic diet for at least five days after.

Children should not be given foods with which their body is not previously familiar. And if there are signs of an allergic reaction, such as a skin rash or an established tendency to it, the doctor will prescribe antihistamines. You need to drink them in a course that starts five days before vaccination and continues for another five days.

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Why is the vaccine placed under the shoulder blade?

There are several reasons for administering drugs under the shoulder blade:

• the product is quickly distributed, since in this place the layer of subcutaneous fat is minimal;
• lower risk of complications typical for intramuscular injections;
• the substance enters the blood gradually.

The last reason is the most important because this is how live vaccines are administered. If they enter the blood quickly, the immune system will instantly destroy them, and immunity will not have time to form. When an injection is given under the shoulder blade, the drug gradually penetrates into the blood, allowing the necessary antibodies to be produced.

Is there an alternative option for administering the vaccine?

There is a backup option. It is necessary in cases where the child does not have enough muscle mass, as well as when the patient is too young (up to a year). Then the vaccines are injected into the thigh or shoulder.

Recommendations after vaccination

If the child’s general well-being is not affected, it is not necessary to change the daily routine. Walking is not contraindicated, just like going to school or going to kindergarten. There is no need to wet the injection site only on the day of vaccination. But you should refrain from playing sports for three days.

For two weeks, also avoid visiting public places: your immune system is still “distracted” by important work, and it does not need additional stress. But this does not mean that the immune system needs to be “helped” by wrapping and overheating the child. Such “additional” measures will only do harm.

If after the ADSM vaccination the injection site (leg or arm) hurts, you do not need to see a doctor. This is a normal reaction to mechanical damage to tissue when inserting a needle and drug. The pain will go away within one to two days. In rare cases, they can persist for up to a week.

Vaccination technique

A step-by-step algorithm for placing an injection in the subscapular area was developed by specialists and is performed by medical staff in vaccination rooms:

1. wash hands with soap, put on and disinfect gloves;
2. Disinfect the ampoule with the biological product with an alcohol wipe, then open it, draw the vaccine into the syringe and release excess air from it;
3. the injection area is treated with alcohol wipes twice in succession;
4. take the syringe with one hand so that the index finger lies on the needle cannula, the little finger on the piston, and the rest hold the syringe barrel;
5. with the other hand, grab the skin roll, into the base of which, from bottom to top, a needle is inserted with a short, confident movement at an angle of 45° to the surface of the back so that a third of its length remains outside;
6. the grip is released and the contents of the syringe are injected subcutaneously, smoothly and evenly pressing the piston with the freed hand;
7. remove the syringe, holding the needle cannula with one hand and pressing the alcohol pad to the skin puncture site with the other;
8. without moving the napkin, do a light acupressure circular massage to evenly distribute the medicine in the skin tissue.

Violation of vaccination techniques and aseptic conditions leads to a decrease or even loss of vaccination effectiveness, as well as the development of negative local processes.

After vaccination, the medical worker records data on the vaccination performed in the established forms: a log, a vaccination certificate.

The essence of the method and the drugs used

The technique consists of injecting the active substance into the area of ​​the scapula. Gel medications based on disulfiram are used as treatment: Esperal, Disulfiram. The subsequent effect develops against the background of the development of a reflex aversion to alcohol.

The introduced long-acting substance provokes physiological intolerance to ethanol. Its entry into the blood causes severe symptoms of intoxication: increased blood pressure, headache and dizziness, nausea, gastrointestinal spasms, vomiting and diarrhea. There is fear or disgust, aversion to alcoholic beverages on a psychological level.

The effect of the administered drugs depends on the type and dosage of the medication used, which is selected by the attending physician individually in each case. The choice is influenced by the general condition of the patient, the length of alcoholic experience, and the presence of contraindications.

Contraindications

Like any therapy, an injection under the shoulder blade for alcoholism has direct contraindications. The list of prohibited situations includes:

• withdrawal syndrome; the procedure is possible after detoxification or complete removal of ethanol metabolites naturally;
• complete or partial intolerance to the components of the composition for coding;
• all trimesters of pregnancy, the period of breastfeeding;
• diseases of the cardiovascular system in the stage of decompensation;
• severe pathologies of the liver and kidneys;

• CNS disorders;
• diseases of the digestive system in the acute stage;
• the presence of acute inflammatory processes;
• psychotic disorders.

The technique is carried out only by a qualified narcologist ; medical doctors will correctly select the drug after carrying out preliminary diagnostic measures. It must be remembered that 99% of the success of alcoholism therapy depends on understanding the situation and the voluntary desire to get rid of the addiction. To order a service and a free preliminary consultation, call or +7 . A timely visit to the clinic will save you or the life of your loved one.

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