MMRII – vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps!

“MMR 2” – vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella

Live vaccine (sterile lyophilized preparation, attenuated) for the prevention of measles, rubella, mumps

Manufacturer: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp (USA)

Protects against viral diseases: measles, mumps and rubella.

Suitable for: children aged 12 months and older.

Included in the National Vaccination Calendar.

IMPORTANT: vaccinations with the MMP 2 vaccine are not carried out in clinics

Compatibility with other vaccines

The MMR-II vaccine should be administered one month before or after the administration of other live viral vaccines. Coadministration of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine is not recommended with DPT or oral poliovirus vaccine.

Immunoglobulin should not be prescribed simultaneously with MMP-II.

If a tuberculin test (Mantoux test) is necessary, it should be done either before or simultaneously with vaccination with MMP-II.

MMRV vaccine

The MMRV vaccine can be given to children aged 1 to 12 years to protect them against these four diseases.

It is recommended to receive two doses of MMRV vaccine:

• first dose – 12–15 months after birth
• second dose – at the age of 4–6 years

We have indicated the recommended age. Children can receive the second dose of the vaccine at any age up to 12 years, but not earlier than 3 months after the first vaccination.

Children can also receive these vaccines in 2 different injections: the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine and the chickenpox vaccine.

1 injection (MMRV) or 2 injections (MMR and chickenpox)?

• Both options provide the same degree of protection.
• With MMRV vaccination, only one injection is required.
• Children who received MMRV vaccine as part of their first vaccination were more likely to have fever and related seizures (about 1 in 1,250) than children whose first vaccination was given with MMR vaccine and varicella vaccine on the same day. (approximately 1 case in 2,500).

Your doctor can give you more information, including fact sheets about the MMR vaccine and the chickenpox vaccine.

People 13 years of age and older who need protection against these diseases should receive the MMR vaccine and the varicella vaccine in separate injections.

MMRV may be given at the same time as other vaccines.

Contraindications

Only a doctor can decide whether the MMR-II vaccine is suitable for vaccination

"MMR-II" vaccine is contraindicated if there is a history of an allergic reaction to any component of the vaccine.

MMR-II vaccination is contraindicated in the following cases:

• Allergic reactions to vaccine components, including gelatin, neomycin.
• Acute infectious and non-infectious diseases, exacerbation of chronic diseases.
• Leukemia, lymphoma of any type, or other malignancies affecting the bone marrow or lymphatic system.
• Primary or acquired immunodeficiency conditions.
• Family history of congenital or hereditary immunodeficiency.
• Immunosuppressive therapy.

When using MMR-II, special caution should be exercised by persons with:

• history of traumatic brain injury,
• individual or family history of seizures, including fever,
• if you are allergic to eggs;
• with thrombocytopenia.

Vaccination should be delayed for 3 months or more after blood or plasma transfusion or immunoglobulin (human) administration.

Is it possible to have a runny nose after vaccination?

As we already know, vaccination can successfully develop immunity to many infections in children. However, every vaccine has side effects, and one of them is a runny nose. However, even before vaccinating, the doctor should take into account the contraindications and characteristics of each child’s body. Often, children develop a runny nose after DTP the next day, this indicates that the vaccination was performed incorrectly.

Parents are concerned about the issue of side effects; they doubt whether it is worth getting the DTP vaccine if they have a runny nose. At the same time, doctors have actually recorded a huge number of cases where snot after vaccination is not the only negative aspect; sometimes a cough also appears after DPT vaccination. Parents come to hospitals with their children and try to understand what the doctors did wrong. However, referring to the research of doctors, it is worth saying that it is not the vaccine itself that causes snot after DPT vaccination.

You need to understand that there is always the possibility of an infection in the child’s body even before the vaccination is given, it just did not manifest itself until the opportune moment. In this case, vaccination for a runny nose acts as a catalyst that provokes the development of the disease. Therefore, you cannot vaccinate if you have a runny nose, but it is better to take tests and be examined by a doctor first. And it is better to vaccinate with Pentaxim for a runny nose immediately after tests and check-ups, since it may turn out that during the time that passed from the examination to the injection, the child fell ill.

Possible side effects

The following adverse reactions have been reported with the administration of the MMR-II vaccine without regard to cause and effect: fever, headache, dizziness, rash, injection site reactions, febrile seizures, anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions, arthritis and thrombocytopenia. Additional adverse reactions that have been reported without regard to causation include encephalitis and encephalopathy in their varied clinical manifestations.

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Injection calendar

The healthcare system assumes that by the age of 14, a child’s body should become immune to common diseases. Vaccination is carried out in educational institutions so that every child acquires immunity. Naturally, the Infanrix vaccine cannot be given if you have a runny nose or other illness, but nothing will prevent you from being cured and after a runny nose, the child goes to the hospital at his place of residence, where he will be given the appropriate injection. In civilized countries there is a certain order of injections, which are performed according to the following schedule:

1. On the first birthday, an injection is given that will trigger the appearance of immunity against rubella, measles and mumps. This is already the fourth injection, however, vaccinations up to a year have nuances and this is a topic for a separate discussion;
2. At one and a half years old, a second DTP injection is given, which is aimed against tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough. Doing DTP for a runny nose and other symptoms is prohibited;
3. Polio drops are prescribed at one year and seven months; use is also prohibited for a runny nose;
4. The next vaccination is at 6 years old, against measles, rubella and mumps;
5. At this age an injection is given for tetanus and a few months later for tuberculosis;
6. And lastly, in adolescence, as early as 14 years old, vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria is given.

Vaccination calendar

Patients are vaccinated against hepatitis separately. Every child who has reached one year of age is vaccinated. The flu vaccine is given in the same order. Until the age of 18, it is also mandatory to take injections against rubella, since this disease makes girls unable to conceive.

Measles, rubella and mumps: what is dangerous, symptoms and possible complications

Measles

is a severe infectious viral disease that is highly contagious. The probability of getting sick from contact with someone who has measles is almost 100%! In addition, the virus can persist in a room for several hours after an infectious person has entered it.

Measles is characterized by the following distinctive features:

• A sharp increase in body temperature, in some cases above 40 degrees;
• Symptoms of intoxication (severe weakness, lack of appetite, body aches);
• Catarrhal phenomena (runny nose, cough, hoarseness, sore throat, conjunctivitis);
• Specific rashes throughout the body (large, bright red, appearing from the head and spreading down to the torso and limbs, with the exception of the palms and feet);
• White dotted plaque on the inside of the cheeks.

Complications are also possible: encephalitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, hepatitis, eye damage, otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis. Deaths are also recorded, most often from damage to the lungs, heart and brain, and primarily these are unvaccinated young children.

Mumps

leads to damage to the spinal cord or brain and disruption of reproductive function in boys: in boys it is inflammation of the testicles, and in girls it is damage to the ovaries.

Main characteristic symptoms:

• Heat;
• General malaise;
• Inflammation of the salivary glands under the jaw and behind the ears.

Rubella

It is especially terrible for the female half of humanity, especially for pregnant women, since this disease can lead to the development of severe pathologies in the fetus.

Characteristic features:

• Heat;
• Headache;
• General malaise;
• Enlarged lymph nodes;
• The appearance of a small rash on the face and body.

When is the best time to get vaccinated?

It is important to understand that cough and vaccination do not always go together; complications simply arise as a result of the irresponsibility of both doctors and the patient’s parents. You must always remember about negative indications, and if they exist, then doing any vaccinations is prohibited.

The best solution would be to go to the doctor some time before getting the injection and get tested, which is required. And only when you see the results, consult your doctor about whether it is worth revaccinating DPT for a runny nose, and then get down to business.

It must be clearly understood that a child’s body, weakened by severe illnesses, will not be able to adequately tolerate the vaccine and the consequences are unlikely to be pleasant. The only exception is considered to be mantu, since this injection is not accompanied by the introduction of a vaccine into the body and the reaction can be successfully monitored even during illness. Doctors recommend injecting this reaction even if you have refused typical vaccines.

Parents need to understand that vaccination is the introduction of a strain of infection into the body, which over time provokes the body to develop immunity. Therefore, even a flu shot with a runny nose provokes complications under certain conditions, which no doctor can predict. Therefore, vaccination for a runny nose in an infant , preschool child or even a teenager is excluded, since it will be more difficult to cure the consequences than the disease for which the person is vaccinated. Both cough and fever are considered mandatory prohibitions - these are negative factors that will make an ordinary vaccination a mistake.

Complications

Complications after the vaccine in question are very rare and occur in exceptional cases. This may have the following consequences:

• toxic shock syndrome;
• glomerulonephritis;
• pain in the abdominal area;
• the percentage of platelets in the blood decreases temporarily;
• serous aseptic meningitis;
• sore throat and pneumonia;

• encephalitis;
• allergies may present as severe swelling, hives, or anaphylactic shock.

If the child is seriously ill from the first vaccination, revaccination cannot be done. The body may react differently to the vaccine, and these may not only be complications, but also side effects.

Measles. Vaccination

The first measles vaccine was created in the USA in 1963. But its mass use began only in the 70s. By 1982, almost all countries of the world included the measles vaccine in their national vaccination schedules.

All measles vaccines used today are preparations based on live attenuated virus.

Vaccination is not recommended until the child reaches the age of one year, since maternal antibodies prevent the formation of immunity, while at the same time, if the mother does not have antibodies (has not had measles and is not vaccinated), then vaccination is considered advisable at the age of 8-9 months.

Standard (routine) vaccination involves a two-time vaccination. Primary administration at the age of 12-15 months and revaccination at 6 years. In any case, the interval between vaccination and revaccination should be at least 4 years.

In the production of measles vaccines, bird eggs (chicken, quail) are used, but the amount of egg white in modern vaccines is so small that an allergy to egg white is not a contraindication to measles vaccination.

One of the specific complications of both measles and the measles vaccine is a decrease in blood platelet levels. The development of this complication is considered a contraindication to revaccination.

A fairly common side effect of the measles vaccine is mild soreness at the injection site, as well as an increase in body temperature 5-18 days after vaccination. Along with an increase in temperature at the same time, it is possible to develop general weakness, catarrhal symptoms (cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis), and sometimes the appearance of a measles-like rash is observed (approximately this occurs in no more than 5% of vaccinated people). Side effects of the measles vaccine are usually short-lived - they disappear within 1-3 days and do not require any treatment.

The rash and catarrhal symptoms that occur after vaccination with a live attenuated virus are actually symptoms of vaccination (mild vaccine-associated) measles.

The fundamental feature of vaccine measles is that it (more precisely, a child with a fever and rash after measles vaccination) does not pose an epidemiological danger - the child is not contagious and can communicate with others without restrictions.

***

In the vast majority of cases, primary vaccination against measles is carried out with complex vaccines, including three live attenuated viruses - the causative agent of measles, rubella and mumps (for more information about these vaccines, see 4.5.10).

At the same time, there are mono-vaccines for measles vaccination:

Measles cultural live dry vaccine (FSUE NPO Microgen, Russia).

Ruvax (Sanofi Pasteur, France).

Measles. Vaccination

published 28/09/2020 13:04 updated 28/09/2020 - Wiki of Dr. Komarovsky