M-M-P II, vaccine against measles, mumps, rubella live culture

Why are measles, rubella and mumps dangerous?

The main problem of these infections is the possibility of intrauterine infection of the fetus during the mother’s illness, when the consequences can be very serious both for the health of the baby and for the life of the unborn child. Severe symptoms in the sick person also cause a lot of inconvenience and trouble. It is worth considering in more detail how each of these infections manifests itself and what the threat is.

Previously, almost all children suffered from measles. The fact is that this disease is very contagious; if contact occurs with a patient, measles is transmitted in 95% of cases. In particularly severe cases of the disease, complications in the form of hepatitis, pneumonia and encephalitis are possible; rarely, measles can even lead to death. For pregnant women, the danger of getting measles is that in the early stages of pregnancy the disease increases the likelihood of developing dementia or mental retardation. The respiratory system suffers, which can lead to inflammation and death of the fetus. In late pregnancy, the disease can trigger early labor, and the baby becomes infected from the mother through the birth canal. As a result, characteristic rashes appear on the skin and mucous membranes. Since the child’s immunity is still weakened, complications in the form of encephalitis and pneumonia may develop against this background.

Regarding mumps, it should be noted that the infection can affect the membranes of the brain and spinal cord in approximately 15% of cases of development of the disease, one person in 20,000 people with mumps may experience deafness, in men and boys, mumps most often causes inflammation of the testicle and its appendages, in adult men – prostatitis. Doctors call pancreatitis, nephritis, oophoritis, mastitis and arthritis as rare but possible complications of mumps.

The main manifestations of rubella are a small rash, inflammation of the lymph nodes, and fever. But this is just the tip of the iceberg regarding the complexity of this disease. If a woman contracts rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy, there is an 80% chance that her child will have heart defects, mental retardation, deafness or cataracts at birth. But carrying the pregnancy to term will also be a problem for her - very often rubella can cause intrauterine fetal death or stillbirth.

In adulthood, the course of the disease can be very severe, with a large number of complications arising. But even in childhood it is better not to get sick with these infections. Immunity from the mother (innate immunity) is unstable and lasts only a few weeks after birth.

Measles-rubella-mumps vaccination

Young children should be vaccinated exactly at one year of age and again at the age of six. Revaccination of children at 6 years of age is necessary for the reason that not every body develops stable immunity from one vaccination.

In the future, revaccination is carried out at the age of 15-17 years in order to prevent serious health consequences:

1. It is extremely necessary to extend protection against rubella for women planning pregnancy before pregnancy, since this disease is the most dangerous for this process.
2. Immunity against measles acquired in childhood must be reactivated by receiving a new dose of the vaccine.
3. It is important to prolong protection against mumps for men, since it is during adolescence that all the negative consequences for male reproductive function can occur when suffering from this infection.

In childhood, multicomponent vaccination is tolerated quite easily, the body rarely reacts to vaccination with severe conditions, and protection is fully formed. If a child was not vaccinated in early childhood, then he must receive the first vaccine at 13 years of age.

In modern medicine, there is a clear prescription for vaccination of adults with the above vaccine. For example, for those people who were born before 1957, vaccination is not indicated due to the fact that in all the years before, epidemics of this disease broke out everywhere, and people with a 90% probability have already suffered from the disease. All those who were born after 1957 and have not been vaccinated are recommended to receive two doses of a live vaccine, administered at intervals of 1 calendar month. This prescription is intended for adolescents, but 1 dose of vaccine is recommended for older adults.

For young women, the main goal should be mandatory vaccination against rubella, since this is the disease that has a very bad effect on the child if you get it during pregnancy. Rubella in the first 90 days of pregnancy often causes miscarriages and stillbirths. Other negative consequences include the birth of a child with congenital rubella syndrome, which is accompanied by the presence of developmental anomalies such as heart disease, cataracts and deafness. This syndrome may be accompanied by mental retardation, liver damage, kidney damage and other serious diseases.

An important point is the fact that the course of rubella can be in a latent form. In this case, the woman feels great, not paying attention to the minor rash, which goes away on its own after a few days. Meanwhile, the virus penetrates the placenta into the fetus, affecting all vital organs and systems. If a pregnant woman is suspected of having latent rubella, doctors carry out several stages of laboratory testing, the results of which should demonstrate the production of antibodies to this disease. If this occurs in the early stages, it is recommended to terminate the pregnancy to avoid the birth of a child with multiple deformities.

That is why, before planning a pregnancy, women who have not been ill should definitely take care of the appropriate vaccination, which protects against the disease 100% for the next 15 years. After vaccination, it is necessary to protect against pregnancy for another month.

Pregnant women are not specifically vaccinated, but sometimes vaccination occurs already during pregnancy. At the same time, the risk of intrauterine damage to the fetus is very low. As a rule, no changes in fetal development occur when vaccinated against rubella, which has been confirmed by numerous studies.

Rubella vaccination and pregnancy.

It has been proven that antibodies after rubella vaccination last for approximately 10 - 20 years.

1. If a woman planning a pregnancy is sure that she was vaccinated no more than 10 years ago, and has received at least 2 vaccinations throughout her life, she can safely plan a pregnancy.
2. The second option is if the woman has not been vaccinated, the vaccination schedule has not been completed, or she does not know which vaccinations were given and when. Before planning a pregnancy, it is better to get vaccinated against rubella.
3. If a woman has been vaccinated twice, but more than 10 years have passed since vaccination. In this case, before planning a pregnancy, you can take a blood test for antibodies. If the antibody level is sufficient, you can plan a pregnancy. If the level of antibodies decreases or is absent, the woman is recommended to get vaccinated.

How to prepare for the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine

In order for successful vaccination without consequences and side effects, it is necessary to prepare for vaccination. The morning before vaccination, the child’s temperature is measured and his general well-being is determined. During a visit to the hospital, the person being vaccinated must be examined by a doctor, but before this, the child should not spend a long time in the same room with sick people, waiting for his turn. It is better if one parent sits in line, while the other takes a walk with the baby on the street. This way you can avoid infection with all kinds of viruses that do not have time to manifest themselves before vaccination. You may need to undergo some tests before vaccination if you have any suspicions about your child's health. On the eve of vaccination, it is not advisable to visit places with large crowds of people, especially when epidemics of viral infections are raging around.

Also, in preparation for vaccination, children with allergic manifestations are prescribed desensitizing drugs several days before vaccination. For children susceptible to colds, doctors recommend restorative medications 2 days before and 12 days after the planned vaccination.

For diseases of the nervous system, it is necessary to prepare especially carefully for vaccinations. For chronic diseases, on the eve of vaccination, it is necessary to consult a neurologist who can prescribe anticonvulsants. All children with chronic diseases can be vaccinated only during stable remission. If you are constantly taking special medications that support the body during chronic diseases, vaccination can be done along with such treatment.

What to do with the consequences?

Swelling and redness are considered normal, even if they do not go away within two days. Antipyretic, antiallergic and anti-inflammatory drugs can be used.

The sooner the vaccine is administered (taking into account the vaccination schedule), the better the child’s body will tolerate side effects.

Never stand in line at the hospital with your child: the father or grandmother should take the line, while you walk with the child outside to minimize contact with infected children.

Discuss with your doctor in advance how high the risk of side effects is and stock up on the necessary medications. Go to hospital if complications are too severe, as hospitalization is sometimes the only option.

Vaccination calendar

Modern vaccines against the infectious diseases in question are complex, allowing the body to immediately form immunity against the viruses of these diseases. However, there are mono-vaccines that are also sometimes used. The vaccination schedule provides for the first administration of a complex vaccine at the age of 1 year. Next, revaccination is carried out at 6 years, then from 15 to 17 years, from 22 to 29 years, and subsequently every 10 years.

In the absence of vaccination in early childhood, the first vaccination is usually given at the age of 13, and then from 22 to 29, and so on.

If the vaccination schedule was accidentally violated for objective reasons, you should:

1. Get vaccinated as close as possible to the required schedule, observing a time interval between revaccinations of at least 4 years.
2. If emergency prevention is necessary, after contact with a patient, you can vaccinate with the appropriate monovaccine. The three-component vaccine can be revaccinated 1 year after the introduction of such vaccines.

It is important to understand that numerous reviews about the dangers of vaccinations for the nervous system have led to a sharp increase in the percentage of unvaccinated children in some regions. However, according to medical data, the danger of the above diseases significantly exceeds the extremely rare complications from immunization. For example, in underdeveloped countries in Africa, about 745 thousand unvaccinated children still die from measles every year.

Measles vaccine and autism

In 1998, a British scientist published an article in a scientific journal that the preservative merthiolate contained in the measles vaccine causes inflammatory bowel disease and autism in children. A little later, other researchers refuted the article and established that the facts in it were manipulated. And the author himself admitted that he published his research for commercial purposes. He wanted to support sales of the vaccine without merthiolate. The article was refuted, the scientist was deprived of all regalia and the title of doctor.

The publication managed to generate so many rumors that even now at receptions I often hear speculation about a connection between vaccinations and autism. Since then, a large amount of research has been carried out. The last, long-term one, involving 400 thousand vaccinated children, ended in 2020.

None of the studies have confirmed the link between vaccination and autism. Unfortunately, the causes of this disease have not yet been established.

Vaccine injection site

The complex vaccine is administered in two ways - subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Children under three years of age are most often vaccinated in the outer thigh, and subsequently in the deltoid brachialis muscle.

The choice of such places for vaccination is explained by the fact that here the skin is very thin, there is little subcutaneous fat and the muscles are very close. When the vaccine gets into the fatty layer, it is deposited, enters the blood slowly and subsequently does not have the desired effect.

The buttocks are also not suitable for vaccine administration due to the inaccessibility of the gluteal muscles for the vaccination needle, due to the developed subcutaneous fat in these areas.

Contraindications to vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps

Among all contraindications to vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella, there are 2 main groups - temporary and permanent.

Temporary specialists include:

• the presence of any diseases in the acute period;
• pregnancy period;
• use of gamma globulin and other blood products;
• vaccination or testing for antibodies to tuberculosis.

All these factors do not eliminate the need for vaccination, but require a short time period (on average 2 to 6 weeks) until the body’s condition stabilizes.

Among the constant and absolute contraindications, in which measles-rubella-mumps vaccination is impossible in principle, are:

• allergy to gentamicin, neomycin;
• allergy to egg whites;
• Quincke's edema;
• neoplasms of various types;
• the occurrence of complications due to previous vaccination;
• blood diseases accompanied by thrombocytopenia;
• HIV infection;
• various damage to the immune system (for example, the period after transplantation of any organs).

What is MMR vaccination?

The MMR vaccination is a comprehensive vaccine against such serious infectious diseases as measles, mumps and rubella . It is made with a single or multicomponent preparation that contains weakened measles, mumps or rubella viruses, and sometimes all three components simultaneously (multicomponent vaccine). Inactive viruses do not cause disease, but contribute to the development of stable immunity.

Consists of three vaccines against the following diseases:

• Measles is a viral disease that is difficult to detect in the initial stages, since it is very similar to a common ARVI, manifested by a specific rash, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and impaired consciousness. In severe cases, it can cause death.

• Rubella is a serious childhood disease characterized by fever, enlarged lymph nodes, and skin rashes. It is especially dangerous in adults and especially pregnant women, as it causes irreversible consequences for the mother and fetus.

• Mumps or mumps is a viral disease with similar symptoms (high fever, characteristic rashes, catarrhal symptoms, severe intoxication of the body), which, although not as active as measles or rubella, is dangerous due to its complications. The reproductive system (ovaries or testicles, depending on gender) is primarily affected, which can cause infertility in the future.

The main danger of these diseases is that they have a high level of spread, the body of children and adults tolerates them heavily, and there is a high probability of serious complications.

Measles, rubella and mumps are protected against either with an imported vaccine or a vaccine produced in the CIS countries. Both are easily tolerated and build immunity well. The main difference is that imported vaccines are made from chicken egg white, while domestic ones are made from quail. In addition, drugs produced in CIS countries are often single-component, that is, they are vaccinated against one of the diseases: measles, rubella or mumps, while the imported vaccine is combined, which greatly simplifies the procedure and reduces the amount of ballast substances entering the child’s body.

Did you know? According to WHO, if 95% of children under 2 years of age are vaccinated against measles, this disease will disappear forever.

What not to do after vaccination

After immunization, the following rules must be observed:

1. The first half hour after vaccination must be under the supervision of a doctor.
2. Taking water procedures after vaccination is not prohibited, but it is not advisable to wet or rub the injection site for a long time, in order to avoid a local reaction.
3. Introduce new, especially exotic, foods into the diet, the body’s reaction to which has not yet been studied.
4. For a couple of days after vaccination, you should not be in crowded places so as not to become infected with a common ARVI and not confuse it with a reaction to the vaccine.

On the eve of vaccination, you should consult with your doctor about what medications you should have at home as an emergency and for the first symptoms of a reaction to the vaccine.

Reactions and complications to the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine

The measles component of a multicomponent vaccine has the greatest reactogenicity, that is, it causes specific conditions in the body. Among the most common reactions, doctors identify local redness or swelling at the injection site, which should subside over the next few days, coughing 6-11 days after vaccination, decreased appetite, nosebleeds, increased body temperature ranging from 37.2 to 39 degrees, rashes starting from the scalp and gradually moving to the torso.

The main complications of the measles component of a multicomponent vaccination include reactions that may appear 6-11 days after vaccination. Among them, the most common toxic reaction occurs when the child has a fever, his body temperature rises, the lymph nodes are inflamed, his throat is sore, weakness is pronounced and there is a rash on the body. Such symptoms go away no later than 5 days after their onset. Less commonly, convulsions occur as a complication, and post-vaccination encephalitis may develop. There are also allergic reactions in different forms - from mild to severe (Quincke's edema).

The mumps component of the vaccine is usually easily tolerated by children. Reactions to this component occur on day 8 and can progress until days 14-16. Within 3 days, the parotid salivary glands may become slightly enlarged, the throat may become red, a runny nose may occur, and the temperature may rise slightly.

Complications from mumps vaccination are extremely rare and are much more easily tolerated than the measles component. Toxic reactions are accompanied by a rise in temperature and a general deterioration in health. Allergic reactions occur only in those who are susceptible to allergic reactions. Damages to the nervous system with the mumps component are rare and are expressed in the occurrence of meningitis.

Children's reactions to the rubella component in the vaccine are usually quite weak and rare. They can be expressed in redness of the injection site, enlarged lymph nodes, a slight increase in body temperature, the occurrence of arthralgia, and joint pain.

Doctors call the appearance of a small reddish or purple rash as a complication of the rubella component in such a vaccine.

Possible reactions

If your body reacts to the measles, rubella and mumps vaccine, you should not worry, since this is an indicator of the activity of the human body's immune system. Such reactions do not require special treatment. It is important to remember that all reactions to this vaccine occur between 5 and 15 days after vaccination. All symptoms that occur at other times are not associated with vaccination and require additional diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

The most common reactions to a multicomponent vaccine are fever, minor rash, joint pain, runny nose and cough, pain at the injection site, which disappears on its own in a short time, without the use of additional therapy.

Fever

This is the most common post-vaccination symptom possible. The temperature generally rises to subfebrile levels, and in isolated cases can reach 39-39.5 degrees. In childhood, febrile convulsions may occur due to high fever. High temperature is absolutely not necessary for the immune system to work, so it should be reduced. Antipyretic drugs based on paracetamol and ibuprofen are recommended for children at home. The form of antipyretics can be any - from suppositories, syrups in children to syrups and tablets in adults.

Rash

Rashes can occur on any area of ​​the skin. Common places where the rash is localized are the face, the area behind the ears, neck, arms, buttocks, and back. The rash resulting from a reaction to this vaccine is very small, all shades of pink, including one that is barely distinguishable from skin color. This rash should not be smeared or treated; it goes away on its own without any consequences. It is important to remember that the presence of a rash after vaccination does not indicate that the vaccinated person is contagious.

Joint pain

Joint pain most often occurs after vaccination at a later age. In 25% of vaccinated people over the age of 25, this symptom is present and is called reactive arthritis. Joint pain can last from a day to 3 weeks. They do not require emergency treatment.

Runny nose

Mild rhinitis may occur after vaccination on the 3rd day. It lasts from 1 to 14 days and causes virtually no inconvenience to the child. This type of runny nose does not require special treatment.

Cough

In the first couple of days, a slight cough may also occur, accompanied by a sore throat. This symptom disappears on its own without special treatment.

Enlarged lymph nodes

Since the mumps vaccine is live, it can cause lymphadenitis of the parotid lymph nodes. This symptom may last for about 2 weeks.

Body reaction

Side effects after the vaccination in question are a normal reaction of the body, this indicates that the human immune system is actively working.

Approximately every fifth child under one year of age periodically develops thrush in the oral cavity, and the development of the disease at an older age cannot be ruled out. Read more in the article: “treatment of oral thrush in children.”

There is no need for treatment, and within a week all unwanted symptoms will disappear.

Undesirable consequences have nothing to do with the vaccine if they appear earlier or later than a week or two after vaccination.

At different ages, the body’s reaction may differ, since all body systems are improved and with revaccination the reaction changes. At the age of one year, the reaction may resemble ARVI with the following symptoms:

• heat;

• a rash, urticaria appears;
• the throat becomes inflamed, a runny nose soon appears;
• appetite decreases and sleep is disturbed;
• diarrhea and loose stools;
• headache appears.

Local reactions also occur - the injection area swells and turns red. At the age of 6 years, the negative symptoms are the same, but the allergy manifests itself not only at the injection site, but throughout the body. Bacterial complications include otitis media, sore throat, bronchitis - these are the manifestations that arise due to non-compliance with recommendations and restrictions before vaccination or incorrect actions after, in particular, you cannot swim (you can wash in a warm shower, but not for long).

Complications

You need to know about rare complications of the multicomponent measles-rubella-mumps vaccine in advance in order to be able to react in time to emerging symptoms and be able to distinguish them from severe reactions to vaccination (which, we remind you, do not need to be treated, unlike complications).

So, complications include:

1. Anaphylactic shock. It is a very rapid and severe manifestation of an allergic reaction that threatens the patient’s life. It develops on the egg white contained in the vaccine or antibiotics of a number of aminoglycosides. Toxic shock may also occur due to contamination of vaccine materials with staphylococci. These conditions require timely emergency treatment.
2. Hives.
3. Swelling of the injection site.
4. Possible exacerbation of existing allergic reactions.
5. Encephalitis occurs in children with pathologies of the nervous system or with too weak immunity.
6. Meningitis also develops in neurologically compromised patients.
7. Pneumonia, which is not a direct complication of vaccination, but only serves as a reflection of existing disorders in the functioning of the respiratory and digestive systems of the body, which worsen when a person’s immunity is diverted to the received vaccine.
8. A decrease in platelet count in the blood is not dangerous and is asymptomatic and recovers over time.
9. Stomach ache.
10. Myocarditis.
11. Glomerulonephritis.

How to prevent complications

To prevent unwanted complications after vaccination, general approaches must be taken. For example, people prone to allergies should be vaccinated together with the use of antiallergic drugs. Children with damage to the nervous system receive therapy along with the vaccine and for 2 weeks after its administration to prevent exacerbation of the underlying disease. Children who are regularly sick should take restoratives throughout the post-vaccination period. Before vaccination, you need to know if the patient has intolerance to egg white or aminoglycoside antibiotics, which is an absolute contraindication for vaccination. After vaccination, it is important to exclude multiple contacts that serve as a source of all kinds of infections.

Preparing for vaccination

All doctors agree that the first and necessary condition for preparing for vaccination is that the child must be healthy, which is determined by the pediatrician during examination. Two weeks before the procedure, the baby should not show any signs of colds or any other diseases.

If the baby has a good appetite, leads a normal lifestyle, gets enough fresh air, is active, sleeps well - you can safely go to the vaccination office. If there is even the slightest doubt - small rashes, snot on the general good condition of the child, refusal of favorite food, increased moodiness - you can play it safe and take a general blood test to determine platelet levels and clotting time. If the indicator is within normal limits, you can vaccinate.

Special training

In addition to the above measures, for some groups of patients it is necessary to apply special preparation methods:

• children prone to allergies – it is necessary to take a course of anti-allergy medications three days before the vaccine is administered;
• children with damage to the nervous system and somatic diseases - after vaccination, maintenance therapy is prescribed for 14 days;
• Frequently ill children, weakened with chronic infections (especially of a respiratory nature - sinusitis, adenoids) - two days before and for 12-14 days after the administration of the vaccine, a doctor prescribes restorative therapy.

Meals on vaccination days

-Vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps is better tolerated if the baby has a slight load on the intestines. Of course, you shouldn’t keep him hungry, but for three days (before, on the day of the procedure and after it) it is recommended to limit the amount and concentration of food. These days it is better to drink more, prepare thinner soups, thinner porridges. If the baby is breastfed, do not overfeed, stick to the usual regimen, offer water more often, and calm nervousness using various methods, rather than breastfeeding.

You should also pay special attention to your baby’s stool at this time. If he is constipated at this time, the reaction to the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine may be more complicated. Therefore, with such problems, help your child in the most gentle ways - glycerin suppositories, lactulose syrup, cleansing enema. Achieve regular bowel movements for at least five days before vaccination.

If you additionally give your baby vitamin D during the vaccination period, you should be especially careful, since this vitamin regulates calcium metabolism in the body, which is responsible for allergic reactions. Therefore, even a small overdose of vitamin D can cause undesirable effects. Therefore, it is better to stop taking this substance 3 days before the procedure and resume it 5 days later. And during this period (3 days before and 3 days after), it is advisable to give the child calcium, preferably the most common gluconate, 1 tablet per day.

On the day of vaccination, the child should be brought to the clinic in comfortable clothes and reasonably hungry. It is not recommended to vaccinate on a full stomach . It is better if food does not enter the child’s body for 1 hour before and after the injection. Ideally, after the procedure, do not eat for 3 hours; if you can follow this rule, you can avoid many unwanted side effects.

Consequences of immunization

By the consequences of immunization with the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine, the World Health Organization means the occurrence of reactive arthritis. This anomaly often develops at a later age during immunization. A predisposition to such a disease may be rheumatism suffered at an early age or other systemic connective tissue diseases.

Post-vaccination arthritis worsens during cold seasons, and in the spring and summer the patient forgets about it. Such arthritis can be treated with anti-inflammatory drugs; it does not lead to a noticeable limitation of the functional activity of human joints.

Types of vaccines

The vaccine against the viruses in question comes in several types. The type of vaccine chosen by the doctor differs from analogues in the types of viruses included in the drug. All modern injections consist of typed viruses, which contribute to the guaranteed development of immunity to diseases. The vaccine is three-component, two-component and mono-, which indicates the complete interchangeability of injectable drugs with each subsequent revaccination.

Mono-vaccines

Ervevax

The Belgian monovaccine Ervevax helps fight the rubella virus, developing immunity within 15 days from the date of its administration. The effect of Ervevax lasts for 16 years. The vaccine can be used for children from 1 year of age.

Ervevax can be administered on the same day with DPT, DPT, polio, measles and mumps vaccines, provided that vaccination is performed in different parts of the human body. With other live vaccines, Ervevax can be administered with an interval of at least 1 month between injections.

Contraindications for the use of Ervevax:

• pregnancy;
• hypersensitivity;
• HIV infection;
• use of endogenous immunostimulants before vaccination with Ig preparations;
• acute and aggravated chronic diseases;
• allergic reactions to vaccine components.

Women of childbearing age can be vaccinated with Ervevax only if they do not plan to conceive a child within the next 3 months after vaccination.

Rudivaks

The French live attenuated rubella vaccine Rudivax forms appropriate immunity 15 days after injection. This immunity against rubella in humans lasts about 20 years. Contraindications to the use of this vaccine are the same factors as for Ervevax vaccination.

Measles cultural live dry vaccine (Russia)

The measles cultural live dry vaccine produced in Russia has a pronounced ability to stimulate the production of antibodies against measles in 95% of vaccinated people 28 days after administration. Immunity from vaccination lasts for 18 years.

Contraindications to the use of this vaccine are:

• acute and chronic diseases;
• HIV infection;
• neoplasms, malignant diseases of the circulatory system;
• allergy to aminoglycosides and quail egg protein.

Measles mono-vaccination is carried out at least 60 days after other vaccinations, and also no earlier than 90 days after and 2 weeks before the use of immunoglobulin or medications containing antibodies.

Ruvax (Aventis Pasteur, France)

The single-component French anti-measles drug Ruvax causes immunity against the virus 15 days after administration. This immunity lasts in the body for 20 years. The drug can be vaccinated in children from the age of nine months.

Contraindications to the use of Ruvax are:

• allergy to chicken egg white and neomycin;
• leukemia and other malignant diseases;
• immunodeficiency;
• corticosteroid, alkylating and antimetabolic therapy;
• radiation therapy;
• administration of immunoglobulin on the eve of vaccination.

LPV (live mumps vaccine)

The live mumps vaccine is designed to protect the body from mumps. The vaccine is administered from the age of 12 months. Emergency administration of the drug is possible to those who have been in contact with a patient with mumps (mumps) and have not been vaccinated before, no later than three days after such contact. Contraindications for VPV vaccination are the same symptoms and conditions as for Ruvax vaccination. You should also not vaccinate with VPV during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Combined three-component vaccines

MMR II (measles, rubella, mumps)

The three-component American vaccine MMR-II is quite popular because it forms immunity to 3 viruses at once - measles, rubella and mumps. With its help, antibodies to the measles virus are produced in 98% of people, and to mumps and rubella - in 96.1% and 99.3%, respectively. It is compatible with DTP, DPT, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type B and chickenpox vaccines. These injections can be done on the same day, but in different parts of the body.

Contraindications to the use of MMR-II are pregnancy, sensitivity to neomycin, chicken proteins, HIV infection, viral and chronic diseases in an acute state.

Priorix (measles, rubella, mumps)

The Belgian three-component vaccine Priorix is ​​very effective against measles, mumps and rubella. This vaccine is highly purified, making reactions to its administration less pronounced than to other similar vaccines.

Among the main contraindications to the use of Priorix, doctors identify:

• high sensitivity to chicken egg white and neomycin;
• neomycin contact dermatitis;
• HIV infection;
• ARVI, acute stomach diseases;
• exacerbation of infectious, viral and chronic diseases;
• pregnancy.

Two-component drug

Among two-component vaccines, the most common are domestic vaccines - mumps-measles and measles-rubella vaccine. It is important to remember that when vaccinated with these drugs, it will be necessary to carry out additional vaccination with a single-component vaccine against a disease that is not covered by this vaccination.

Mumps-measles vaccine (Russia)

The domestically produced mumps-measles vaccine can be administered to children from the age of 12 months to form stable immunity to mumps and measles. Revaccination with this drug is prescribed upon reaching the age of 6 years.

Among the main contraindications for the use of this two-component vaccination are:

• anaphylactic and allergic reactions;
• neoplasms and malignant diseases of the circulatory system;
• severe reactions to previous vaccination with such a drug;
• pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• acute viral or exacerbated chronic diseases.

Measles-rubella vaccine

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This vaccine has all the same properties as the domestically produced mumps-measles vaccine. It requires the additional introduction of a monovaccine against mumps for comprehensive protection of the human body.