What is serum in biology

The meaning of the word "serum"

The liquid resulting from the coagulation of milk, during the formation and production of yogurt and cottage cheese from it.

A liquid obtained from blood and lymph when they coagulate outside the body (used in medicine as a therapeutic and diagnostic agent).
Antidiphtheria serum.
Source (printed version):

Dictionary of the Russian language: In 4 volumes / RAS, Institute of Linguistics.
research; Ed. A. P. Evgenieva. — 4th ed., erased. - M.: Rus. language; Polygraph resources, 1999; (electronic version):
Fundamental electronic library

Blood serum is the liquid part of blood without formed elements and fibrin.

Immune serum is the blood serum of a person or animal immunized with an antigen and containing antibodies to it.

Whey is a by-product of cheese production.

Serum is a river in Russia, a tributary of the Sukhona.

“Truth serum” is a conventional name for psychoactive substances used to obtain information hidden by a person.

SERUM

, and,
w. 1.
A liquid devoid of fats and proteins, resulting from the formation of curdled milk and cottage cheese from milk, when curdling milk and churning butter.
2.
A liquid obtained from blood and lymph during their coagulation and used in medicine as a therapeutic and diagnostic agent.
Antidiphtheria s.
Source:

“Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language” edited by D. N. Ushakov (1935-1940);
(electronic version):
Fundamental electronic library

serum

1. a liquid devoid of fats and proteins, resulting from the formation of curdled milk and cottage cheese from milk, when coagulating milk and churning butter

2. honey liquid, blood plasma obtained from blood or lymph during clotting outside the body and used in medicine as a therapeutic and diagnostic agent

3. honey same as immune serum; blood serum obtained from a person or animal immunized with any antigen and containing antibodies to this antigen; used as a therapeutic or diagnostic agent

Serum

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How does a therapeutic serum differ from a vaccine?

The history of vaccination began in the 18th century, when the British scientist Edward Jenner invented the world's first vaccine against smallpox.

Among the many vaccinations that we are given throughout our lives, there are different types of drugs. Most often, the doctor gives the patient a vaccine or therapeutic serum. Although both vaccines and sera are methods of preventing infections, there are significant differences between them.

Whey: benefits and harms

What is whey

MILK WHEY OR SERUM
This is a cloudy liquid with a pronounced sour odor, which is formed during the production of cheeses, cottage cheese, and casein. As milk curdles, it transforms into a solid, and the remaining liquid is whey.

Whey is the residual watery liquid obtained during the cheese production process.

The valuable properties of whey were known back in Ancient Greece. The liquid sediment obtained during milk processing was used as a tonic and diuretic. The serum was used to treat skin diseases, diarrhea, and relieve intoxication of the body. Modern scientists have identified the unique properties of the product, which are manifested in normalizing the nervous system, calming and strengthening the immune system.

Homemade whey obtained during the fermentation and processing of milk is considered the most useful, since the quality of a store-bought product is a big question mark. If you know how to make homemade cheese (cottage cheese), you will end up with a considerable amount of healthy whey, the harm of which is practically excluded.

Interesting fact:

In the 18th century, the serum was called a miracle drug and the elixir of youth. There were even special medical institutions where it was used as the main “medicinal drug”. You had to drink about 4 liters of whey per day.

Whey calories

Keeping your body in good shape and giving preference to healthy foods is fashionable and reasonable today. Therefore, a product such as whey should be present in a person’s daily diet, and in its pure form.

What are the benefits of whey? Due to its balanced composition and abundance of useful substances, serum is used in cosmetology to improve skin condition. Whey is used to produce dietary products and baby food due to its unique composition, which is close to breast milk. The nutritional value of the product is insignificant - only 18-20 kcal per 100 g.

In Swiss cities that are famous for their cheese production, whey is a favorite and sought-after product. It is used to prepare a special drink called Rivella, which is popular among locals and tourists.

Whey composition

Whey is an easily digestible and dietary product. The liquid consists of 94% water, and the remaining 6% consists of useful substances.

The serum contains about 200 useful components

Despite the small proportion of useful components, the serum contains about 200 substances, including:

Valuable amino acids, proteins
Lactose
Biotin
Milk sugar
Vitamins of groups A, C, E, H, B
Kholin
Citric, nicotinic, formic, acetic, nucleic acids
Milk fats
Beneficial bacteria
Potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iodine, molybdenum, zinc

Scientists have made interesting findings regarding serum. It turns out that its protein compounds are absorbed by the body better than chicken egg white. The amino acids included in the product improve protein metabolism and hematopoiesis. By introducing whey into your diet, you can not only strengthen your immune system, but also reduce the risk of viral diseases.

Harm of whey

Despite the minimal abundance of active components (only 6% of the total mass), before the first use you need to weigh the benefits and harms of whey. Since its main component is water, it will not have a global negative effect on the body.

This product is contraindicated for use in the following cases:

For lactose intolerance
If you are allergic to any of the components
If you are prone to diarrhea (the serum has a laxative effect)

It is possible that whey may be harmful if the product is abused. Drinking a lot of serum every day may cause digestive problems. The recommended dosage per day for an adult is 300-600 grams.

However, the most significant harm from whey can be caused to the body if you purchase a low-quality product. If the technological stages of production were violated, the expiration date expired or the storage conditions of the product were ignored, when consuming the serum, you can get serious intoxication of the body or an infectious disease.

What are the benefits of whey?

This product has a positive effect on the digestive tract. Proper use of whey prevents the development of putrefactive processes in the intestines, normalizes the acidity of the stomach, and restores its microflora.

The serum is good for the digestive system, has a beneficial effect on liver function and relieves swelling

What are the benefits of whey? Consuming serum before meals stimulates intestinal motility and increases the stomach’s ability to digest and assimilate food.

Beneficial properties of whey:

It is a source of useful substances - amino acids, proteins, vitamins and minerals
Strengthens the immune system, reduces the likelihood of colds
Stimulates bowel function
Has a beneficial effect on the entire digestive system
Improves liver and kidney function
Helps build muscle mass
Helps remove toxins and excess fluid from the body, prevents swelling
Used in dietary recipes and weight loss programs
Restores water-salt balance
Used to reduce body intoxication
Indicated after courses of chemotherapy to restore the mucous membrane of internal organs
Has a positive effect on the cardiovascular and circulatory systems
Lowers blood pressure
Recommended for use in diabetes mellitus
Used to treat dermatological problems, gynecological diseases, atherosclerosis, brain disorders

This fermented milk drink cleanses the blood of cholesterol and normalizes a person’s psycho-emotional state. Whey is useful for hemorrhoids, dysbacteriosis, urolithiasis, and varicose veins.

How to make whey

Of course, you can buy ready-made serum in the store. However, there is not always 100% confidence that the product was manufactured correctly, and that the temperature conditions were properly maintained during its transportation. To avoid the harm of whey, you can prepare it at home, very easily and quickly.

It’s very easy to make serum at home

It is best to purchase homemade milk as a raw material.
Then it needs to be put in a warm place to sour.
The resulting curdled milk is placed on low heat and brought to a boil. During the heating process, the milk will begin to release curd flakes to the surface.
When all the milk is transformed into cottage cheese, the mass must be cooled and strained through cheesecloth.
The resulting liquid is real homemade whey, and the dense curd mass can be eaten or added to desserts.

How to drink whey

For maximum effect, drink the whey fresh in the morning, on an empty stomach. It is not recommended to drink more than 2-3 glasses per day, as the laxative effect of the serum may occur. The drink is recommended for use alone or in combination with other products.

You can take the whey as cocktails. The drink goes well with sea buckthorn, lingonberries, raspberries, and blueberries. The serum is ideal for preparing herbal drinks in combination with lettuce, dill, fresh cucumbers and other vegetables. To add spice to cocktails, it is recommended to add sugar or honey to sweet drinks, and lemon juice to vegetable drinks.

How to store whey

It is best to store this healthy drink in enamel or glass containers. It is not recommended to expose the serum to direct sunlight to minimize the process of breakdown and oxidation of beneficial substances.

After preparation, fresh whey is suitable for drinking for 5 days. It can then be used for culinary purposes. After 2 weeks after preparing the serum, it should not be used.

Whey in cosmetology

Our grandmothers also knew about the miraculous properties of serum and used it to preserve beauty and youth. What are the benefits of whey for skin? The product is widely used in cosmetology to prepare anti-aging skin products and get rid of cellulite.

The serum has an excellent whitening effect and tightens the skin, smoothing out fine wrinkles. It received such properties thanks to the low molecular weight proteins that make up its composition. The serum in the masks acts as an antioxidant, protecting the epidermis from aggressive external factors.

The serum has proven itself to be an excellent hair mask. After using masks based on it, the scalp gets rid of dandruff and the hair structure improves.

Whey during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The serum is very useful during pregnancy and lactation. Consumption of the product helps fight constipation, improves hematopoietic processes, relieves swelling, and has a beneficial effect on digestion and the excretory system.

After childbirth and during the period of breastfeeding, the use of serum is indicated for restoration and enrichment of the body with useful substances. Due to the lactose content, the use of whey during the lactation period improves the production of breast milk. In special cases, upon the recommendation of a specialist, special serum-based formulas are used in infant feeding to replace breast milk.

What is a vaccine?

The first vaccine in the history of medicine was created in the 18th century. Edward Jenner, a British scientist, made a vaccine against smallpox using the cowpox virus extracted from the body of sick animals. Cowpox did not pose a danger to humans, but it contributed to the production of special antibodies that protected people from the disease. Thanks to Jenner's vaccine, the incidence of smallpox began to decline. The next stage in the history of vaccination is associated with the name of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur. He continued Jenner's research and began creating vaccines based on weakened microorganisms.

Thus, a vaccine is microorganisms or their toxins, previously weakened or killed, so as not to cause harm to the human body. Vaccines stimulate the body's defenses, promote the production of its own antibodies and the adaptation of the immune system to certain types of pathogens.

What you need to know about whey fat content

One of the most common nutritional myths is that eating low-fat dairy products will help you lose weight. This postulate is so firmly ingrained in our heads that it is extremely difficult to remove it.

Manufacturers are taking advantage of the opportunity and luring people with disrupted nutritional priorities to the shelves. Any diet (which, it should be noted, does not work) involves the use of whey or yogurt/milk/kefir with 0, maximum 0.5% fat content. Entire shelves of large supermarkets are literally littered with low-fat products, so finding them is easy as pie.

Milk with different percentages of fat content is a fiction, which indicates the unnaturalness of the food component in front of you. Cows are not capable of producing milk of different fat contents, so there is no point in talking about the naturalness/organicity of such a product.

In addition to traditional preservatives and additives, skim whey contains harmful chemicals. They increase the shelf life, give a pleasant shade, taste and smell. But the most dangerous components of whey remain lactose and galactose.

The human body simply cannot digest lactose, therefore, as a protective reaction, it turns into intolerance. Symptoms of intolerance are the body’s original signals for help. Galactose is the most harmful and dangerous sugar. The component interferes with the normal absorption of Calcium (K), accelerates the aging process and triggers irreversible processes in the brain.

Independent nutritional studies have confirmed the lack of essential vitamins in low-fat dairy products. Health, strengthening the muscle corset and growth vitamins are nothing more than a marketing ploy, and not real benefits. Moreover, low-fat whey is able to “eat” other vitamins that are concentrated in the human body.

What is whey?

If, in response to the administered vaccine, the body begins to produce antibodies on its own, then the therapeutic serum is a set of ready-made antibodies. After administration of the serum, no additional time is required for the formation of full immunity. Often injections with serum are given in case of direct infection, when it is too late to take preventive measures.

An example of a rapid-acting serum is a tetanus shot. Anti-tetanus serum is administered immediately after damage to the skin to prevent the development of the disease in case of infection.

Both vaccines and serums are administered by injection. It is believed that the serum differs from the vaccine in that it is less likely to cause allergic reactions in the patient. However, the doctor must carefully examine the patient's condition before administering the drug and follow all necessary rules to avoid possible complications.

How to store whey

All dairy products have a minimum shelf life. The whey must be eaten within 2-3 days. Milk and its derivatives should be stored in the refrigerator in a tightly closed container. Screw tightly or cover the container with a lid. Contact with other odors and non-sterile products will cause the whey to sour faster. In addition, the foreign smell and taste of milk can easily provoke a gag reflex.

If you bought industrial whey that is already packaged in a container, then the task is simplified: put the container in the refrigerator and use it before the expiration date.