What vaccinations does a baby receive in the maternity hospital?
Should the baby be vaccinated, and if so, which ones, when, with what drug, is it dangerous - these are the questions every mother asks. Whether or not to give a vaccine is the choice of the parents and it must be done already in the maternity hospital, where the newborn will receive the first vaccinations. You can read for yourself about the advisability of vaccination, and we have prepared answers to your most frequently asked “vaccination” questions.
We remind you: while in the maternity hospital, do not hesitate to ask questions to specialists, talk through your desires, fears, and expectations. Neonatologists examine babies every day, and you have the opportunity to gain as much valuable information as possible about caring for your baby within a few days.
What vaccinations are given to a newborn in the maternity hospital?
At the maternity hospital, babies receive two vaccines. On the first day after birth, children are vaccinated against viral hepatitis B, and on the third day they are given anti-tuberculosis BCG.
Where do children get vaccinated?
BCG - intradermally to a place on the border of the upper and middle third of the left shoulder. Hepatitis B - intramuscularly into the anterior outer part of the thigh.
What type of vaccine is produced in the maternity hospital?
Our maternity hospital uses domestically produced vaccines.
Can I bring my own vaccines to the maternity hospital for my baby?
No you can not. We have organized our own “cold chain” - a strict system that provides the necessary conditions for the storage and transportation of immunobiological drugs from the manufacturer to our maternity hospital and directly to each baby. This is a great responsibility.
What reactions of the body of newborns are acceptable to vaccinations against hepatitis B and BCG?
Babies tolerate both vaccines well. A short-term local reaction is possible in the form of redness of the injection site and slight compaction. As a rule, BCG leaves a small scar; it will form later.
What is “Vikasol” - is it necessary to do it in the maternity hospital?
“Vikasol” is not a vaccine, but vitamin K (more precisely, its synthetic analogue), which is responsible for the blood clotting system. It is used to prevent bleeding and to prevent hemorrhagic disease of newborns. It is inserted immediately after birth into the front of the thigh.
We left the maternity hospital, but I forgot what vaccinations the child was given? Where can I find out?
Information about the vaccinations that the child received in the maternity hospital is in the extract - it is handed out.
I consented to vaccinations at the maternity hospital, but they weren’t given, why?
Before vaccination, babies are examined by a neonatologist. If the child’s health status raises doubts with the doctor or any disease is diagnosed in the newborn, then a medical exemption will be given from vaccination.
If your baby was not vaccinated at the maternity hospital, where should they be given later?
Next, the local pediatrician will monitor the vaccination. He will promptly notify you about the timing of vaccinations according to the national vaccination calendar, examine the child and refer him for procedures.
Is it possible to refuse vaccinations in the maternity hospital?
Yes, you can refuse vaccinations. It is necessary to notify specialists about this in advance (while already in the maternity hospital) and sign a written refusal.
More information about vaccination can be found on the website of the Moscow Department of Health.
Hepatitis B vaccination
Authors : American Academy of Pediatrics
What is hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B is a very serious infection that primarily affects the liver. This disease is caused by the hepatitis B virus.
- In 2009, about 38,000 people in the United States became infected with hepatitis B.
- Every year, 2,000 to 4,000 people die in the United States from cirrhosis of the liver or cancer caused by hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B can cause:
- acute (short-term) illness,
which is manifested by the following symptoms: loss of appetite; - diarrhea and vomiting;
- weakness;
- jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);
- pain in muscles, joints and stomach.
Acute illness accompanied by these symptoms is more common among adults. Children who become infected with hepatitis B are usually asymptomatic.
- a chronic (long-term) infection
that usually has few symptoms but can lead to: liver damage (cirrhosis); - liver cancer;
- of death.
Chronic infection is more common among infants and children than among adults. People who suffer from chronic hepatitis can transmit the hepatitis virus to others. The main danger is that carriers of a dangerous virus in most cases do not look sick and do not feel sick, and the worst thing is that they often do not know about their illness at all. In the United States, the number of people who have chronic hepatitis B may reach 1.4 million.
How is the hepatitis B virus transmitted?
The hepatitis B virus spreads easily through the blood and other body fluids of an infected person. People can also become infected through contact with contaminated objects, on which the virus can live for 7 days.
- A child whose mother has hepatitis can become infected with it at birth.
- Children, adolescents and adults can become infected by: contact with the blood or body fluids of an ill person through breaks in the skin such as bites, cuts or sores;
- contact with objects containing particles of blood or body fluids of the patient, such as toothbrushes, razors or devices for monitoring (sugar level control) and diabetes treatment;
- unprotected sex with an infected person;
- sharing needles when injecting drugs;
- contact with a needle used by an infected person.
Why should you get vaccinated against hepatitis B?
Vaccination can prevent hepatitis B disease and prevent the serious consequences of hepatitis infection, including liver cancer and cirrhosis.
Hepatitis B vaccination can be given on its own or in combination with other vaccines.
Since 1982, routine hepatitis B vaccination has been recommended for some American adults and children, and since 1991, all children in the United States have been given the vaccine. Since 1990, the number of new hepatitis B infections among children and adolescents has decreased by more than 95% and in other age groups by 75%.
Vaccination provides long-term, up to lifelong, protection against hepatitis B infection.
Who should be vaccinated against hepatitis B and when?
Children and teenagers
Children usually receive 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine:
1st dose - at birth;
2nd dose - at 1–2 months;
3rd dose - at the age of 6–18 months.
Some children can receive 4 doses of the vaccine - for example, if complex vaccines are used during vaccination, which also include a hepatitis vaccine. An additional dose of the vaccine will not harm the child.
- Anyone under 18 who has not been vaccinated should be vaccinated.
Adults
- All unvaccinated adults who, due to their lifestyle or profession, are at risk of contracting hepatitis should be vaccinated. This list includes the following groups of citizens: sex partners infected with the hepatitis B virus;
- men who have sex with men;
- injecting drug users;
- having more than one sexual partner;
- having chronic liver or kidney diseases;
- aged 60 years and older with diabetes;
- those whose work involves the risk of infection due to the possibility of contact with human blood or other body fluids of patients with hepatitis;
- family members of a person infected with hepatitis who live with him and are in constant contact at home;
- employees of institutions for mentally retarded people, as well as patients of such institutions;
- kidney dialysis patients;
- traveling or on business to countries where hepatitis B is common;
- HIV-infected people.
- 2nd dose - 4 weeks after the first;
But under certain circumstances, your doctor may suggest a different vaccination schedule for you, which may differ from the established vaccination schedule.
Who should not receive the hepatitis B vaccine?
Anyone with a life-threatening allergy to yeast or any other component of the hepatitis B vaccine should not receive the vaccine. Be sure to inform your doctor if you have any serious allergies.
Anyone who has had a life-threatening allergic reaction to a previous dose of hepatitis B vaccine should not receive another dose of that vaccine.
Anyone who is moderately or severely ill when a vaccine dose is scheduled to be given should wait until they have recovered before getting vaccinated.
Your doctor can give you more information about all the precautions you need to take before getting the vaccine.
Note:
you may be asked to wait 28 days after your hepatitis B vaccine before you can donate blood. This is due to the fact that during the screening test in this case an error is possible: the vaccine detected in the blood (and blood after vaccination is absolutely safe) may be perceived as hepatitis infection.
Is it dangerous to get vaccinated against hepatitis B?
Vaccination against hepatitis B is currently safe. Most people don't even notice the inconvenience associated with it. The vaccine contains non-infectious (non-infectious) material and therefore cannot cause hepatitis B infection.
But some small reactions of the body are possible:
- soreness at the injection site (1 out of 4 people);
- a fever of 37.7°C (99.9°F) or slightly higher (in about 1 in 15 people).
More serious problems are extremely rare. Severe allergic reactions are thought to occur approximately once every 1.1 million vaccinations.
Any vaccine, like any medicine, can cause serious reactions. But the risk of serious complications or death after vaccination with this vaccine is extremely small. More than 100 million people in the United States have now been vaccinated against hepatitis B.
What should I do if I have a moderate or severe reaction after vaccination?
It is imperative to monitor whether an unusual reaction of the body appears after vaccination:
- heat;
- strange behavior;
- allergies, which may include: difficulty breathing;
- hoarseness or wheezing;
- rash;
- pallor;
- weakness;
- cardiopalmus;
- dizziness.
What should you do if the above symptoms occur?
Call your doctor or go to him immediately.
Tell the doctor about what happened, name the date and time of vaccination and any adverse reactions.
Ask your doctor, nurse, or health department to report your reaction to this vaccine to the vaccine-related adverse reaction service.
Source
published 07/28/2015 13:49 updated 02/16/2016 — Vaccination
The very first vaccination
The first vaccination at the birth of a child is against hepatitis B.
The hepatitis B virus attacks the liver and causes chronic disease. Infection in infancy very often leads to a chronic form of the disease, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Treatment is very long and so far not always successful. The danger of hepatitis B for newborns is that they can become infected in utero or during childbirth.
Previously, only babies whose mothers were infected or were carriers of the virus were vaccinated against this disease. However, a number of factors can lead to a false negative test for hepatitis B, so the disease continued to be detected in newborns despite vaccination. Therefore, it was decided to include the hepatitis B vaccine in the national calendar of preventive vaccinations of the Russian Federation and, with the consent of the mother, give it to all babies without exception.
Vaccinations for children in the maternity hospital are given on the first day of life, 12-24 hours after birth. This is only the first of the entire course of vaccinations; two more will be given at the children's clinic at 1 and 5 months. Injections are given to babies intramuscularly in the thigh or shoulder area. The expected period of protection against the disease is more than ten years.
During the first three days, thickening or redness may appear at the injection site, and the baby may have a slight increase in temperature. This is how the body begins to form its defense, and these reactions are considered absolutely expected, they pass in a couple of days.
Photo source: shutterstock.com
