Vaccinations in Kazakhstan 2021. Vaccination calendar for children in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Vaccination of children. Last changes

To put it or not to put it... Absolutely every mother has encountered childhood vaccinations. Still, immunoprophylaxis helps protect a child from various diseases, including tuberculosis, hepatitis, measles and many others.

The national vaccination calendar in Kazakhstan is improved every year. Experts are trying to ease children's reactions to vaccinations. By the way, vaccination is the surest way to protect against dangerous diseases. It is necessary to vaccinate the body according to the schedule.

Refusal of vaccination

And yet, whether to get a preventive vaccination in Kazakhstan or not is decided by the parents or guardians of the baby. This is especially true recently, when many mothers and fathers began to doubt the usefulness of vaccination. If you decide that your child does not need immunoprophylaxis, then you will have to write a written refusal. It should indicate that you are solely responsible for the baby and have no claims against the doctors.

It is important to take into account that many schools and kindergartens may refuse admission to a child without the necessary vaccinations. Remember: information about all vaccinations is recorded in the child’s vaccination passport.

The procedure for vaccinating children by age

After birth within 4 days

Immediately after the birth of the child, two vaccinations are given on days 1-4: against tuberculosis (BCG) and against hepatitis B (HBV). The BCG shot is placed in the arm at the insertion of the deltoid muscle (the area below the shoulder) and leaves a rounded scar at the site of the shot. For the first few days, it is recommended not to wet the vaccination site to avoid complications.

At the age of 2 months

In the second month of life, the child is given two important vaccinations: combined DTP + Hib + HBV + IPV (against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, viral hepatitis B, polio) and a monovaccine against pneumococcal infection. The grafts are placed separately in the upper thigh of both legs. Such vaccination can cause a strong reaction in the baby in the form of fever, decreased appetite, and anxiety. Doctors often prescribe antipyretics.

At the age of 3 months

A month later, they give one combined DTP + Hib + IPV vaccination - this time without vaccination against hepatitis B and without an anti-pneumococcal injection. This vaccination is already easier for the child to tolerate. Antipyretics may also be prescribed.

At the age of 4 months

At 4 months, two repeated injections of DTP + Hib + HBV + IPV are given, which were given in the 2nd month of life.

At the age of 12-15 months

At this age, 3 vaccinations are given: a combined vaccine against measles, rubella and mumps (MMR), as well as a vaccine against pneumococcal infection. In addition, they give an oral drug for polio in the form of drops on the tongue.

At the age of 18 months

At one and a half years, the vaccination that was given at 3 months is repeated: combined DPT + Hib + IPV.

At the age of 2 years

After six months, it is necessary to be vaccinated against viral hepatitis A (jaundice, Botkin's disease), for this purpose the appropriate vaccine is given.

At the age of 6

In the 1st grade of school, the child receives the last revaccination with BCG, DTP and MMR against measles, rubella and mumps.

At age 16 and every 10 years

Starting from the age of 16 and every 10 years thereafter, a person is recommended to be vaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus with the ADS-M vaccine. This is a lightweight version of the DTaP vaccine without the pertussis component and in a low dosage. The vaccine is given every 10 years to prolong immune phagocytosis (protection) against these deadly viruses. The injection is given in the area below the shoulder, provided there is no adipose tissue in this area, otherwise the vaccination is carried out under the shoulder blade.

Who is not allowed to get vaccinated?

The chief sanitary doctor of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Bekshin, claims that there are temporary and permanent contraindications for avoiding vaccination.

Common vaccinations include:

1. ABKDS. You can’t get it if you have seizures, complex allergic diseases, or complications with other vaccinations. Vaccination is also prohibited if the baby has neoplasms in the body;
2. BCG is prohibited for HIV-infected children, as well as children with malignant blood diseases, primary immunodeficiency, and severe reactions to other vaccines;
3. For measles, rubella and mumps. It should not be given to children suffering from a malignant tumor, blood diseases, egg allergies, strong reactions to other vaccinations, or primary immunodeficiency;
4. Polio is prohibited for children with HIV infection.

And temporary contraindications, according to the vaccination table in 2020, include exacerbation of chronic diseases. You should refrain from vaccination if your baby has recently had a cold, intestinal infection or suffers from allergies. By the way, at least two weeks should pass from the moment of recovery to vaccination. With the consent of the doctor, the period can be reduced to a week or extended to a month. Note: a runny nose and a slight cough are not contraindications!

Temporary contraindications also include a deterioration in the baby’s well-being on the day of vaccination. This includes fever, runny nose or ARVI. And if the child is diabetic, he is given vaccinations only after permission from the endocrinologist.

Vaccination calendar of Kazakhstan

Single vaccines:

BCG - against tuberculosis; HBV - against viral hepatitis B; OPV - oral polio vaccine (2 drops per tongue); AbDPT - against whooping cough with acellular pertussis component, diphtheria, tetanus; ADS-M - against diphtheria, tetanus; PNV - against pneumococcal infection; HAV - against viral hepatitis A.

Combined vaccines:

DTaP + Hib + HBV + IPV - against whooping cough with acellular pertussis component, diphtheria, tetanus + Haemophilus influenzae type b + viral hepatitis B + inactivated polio vaccine; DTaP + Hib + IPV - against whooping cough with acellular pertussis component, diphtheria, tetanus + Haemophilus influenzae type b + inactivated polio vaccine; MCP - against measles, rubella and mumps.

Where to put it?

Vaccination of children varies. Paid and free. You can vaccinate your baby at no cost at the clinic where he or she is assigned to their place of residence. If you have money, you can get vaccinated at any other hospital. But here it is important to check with specialists whether the vaccine you want to give to your child is registered and certified by the National Center for Expertise of Medicines of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Prices for paid vaccinations vary. On average, from 6,000 tenge to 30,000 tenge. But against tuberculosis, hepatitis, rubella, measles, pneumococcal infection, whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus and Haemophilus influenzae type B, vaccinations are given free of charge.

Every year, doctors introduce new vaccines, replacing the old ones. Children tolerate them more easily. This year was no exception. Doctors in Kazakhstan have again changed the national vaccination calendar. True, in essence, the current change is insignificant. Experts did not add new vaccinations, but replaced one. This applies to DTP. Children have had complex reactions to this vaccine. Therefore, it was replaced on the chart by AbKDS. Its difference from the first one is that it is much “softer”. Contains an acellular pertussis component.

Other changes concern polio vaccination. Previously, children used drops to protect themselves from illness. And now the drops have been replaced with an injection.

Vaccinations in Kazakhstan

From the first days of human birth, doctors strongly recommend regularly vaccinating a child up to the age of 16. The legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan does not oblige everyone to receive vaccinations without fail, and if parents do not want to vaccinate their child, then they must refuse in writing. In addition, doctors may not prescribe the vaccine themselves if there are any health or developmental problems.

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HAV vaccination in Kazakhstan ▶

ABCD vaccination transcript ▶

ABC vaccination at 6 years old ▶

KKP vaccine Kazakhstan ▶

Vaccination at 2 months ▶

Vaccination of the population in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan is carried out free of charge at the expense of local and republican budgets.

After the injection, especially for children, it is necessary not to leave the medical center for 30 minutes and be under observation to avoid the occurrence of allergic reactions.

It is important to note that most vaccinations are given in childhood, and if a person has not received any vaccines previously, this can always be done as an adult. Adults are usually vaccinated against measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis A and B, diphtheria, tetanus and polio.

What vaccinations do children get?

So, let's figure out when, according to the national calendar, vaccinations should be given. The first is usually done in the first days of the baby's birth. This is the well-known BCG - vaccination against tuberculosis.

The next vaccination is given at 2 months. This is a comprehensive vaccination. It will protect the child from whooping cough, diphtheria, polio and tetanus. DTP vaccination. The baby is also vaccinated against pneumococcal infection and Haemophilus influenzae type b.

A month later, when the child turns 3 years old, the vaccination that was given at two months is repeated. DPT, Haemophilus influenzae and polio.

Well, the last preventive vaccination in Kazakhstan for up to a year is given at 4 months. This is another step in protecting the body from polio, hepatitis, whooping cough, Haemophilus influenzae, tetanus and diphtheria. Additionally, the child is vaccinated again against pneumococcal infection.

When a child turns 12 months old, it is worth vaccinating him against mumps, rubella, measles, and also getting vaccinated again against pneumococcal infection and polio. Now you can rest for six months.

At one and a half years old, the baby will have to be revaccinated with DPT, Haemophilus influenzae and polio.

The child will have to receive the next vaccinations at school. The first-grader will be given BCG, DTP, and vaccinated against measles, mumps, and rubella.

Finally, at age 16, teenagers need to protect themselves from diphtheria again. Important: This vaccination must be renewed every ten years to be effective.

Let's take a closer look at the main vaccines:

• Tuberculosis vaccine, otherwise known to everyone as BCG

It is carried out twice: a year and at 6 years. Injected into the shoulder. The mark from the injection, a keloid scar, will remain with a person for the rest of his life. Important: the injection site should be protected from any damage. Especially when bathing the child. In addition to BCG, every year, until adulthood, children undergo the Mantoux test, otherwise - a tuberculin test. It checks for the presence of tuberculosis in the body.

The reaction is checked after two days. The maximum period is in a week. A positive result is skin thickening by 10-15 millimeters. In this case, contact with the pathogen is possible. But remember, this does not 100% indicate the presence of tuberculosis. Less than 5 millimeters, the reaction does not matter, and more than 5 does not provide a clear diagnostic picture.

• DPT vaccine

DTP in Kazakhstan is administered intramuscularly. Typically in the upper thigh. It is this vaccine that is the subject of much controversy. Parents think for a long time whether it is needed or not. And the whole point is the reactogenicity, which is very high in this vaccine.

How to reduce side effects to a minimum? Pediatricians recommend starting to take antiallergic medications at least two days before injections. Remember: antipyretic and antihistamine medications do not affect the effectiveness of DTP.

• Measles vaccine

According to the schedule, children in Kazakhstan are vaccinated against measles for the first time per year. Vaccination is repeated at six years of age. Not only in Kazakhstan, but throughout Europe, measles outbreaks have been observed in recent years. This disease is accompanied by a terrible rash. Symptoms: headache, malaise, loss of appetite. Transmitted by airborne droplets. Measles can develop into bronchitis, encephalitis, and pneumonia. There is currently no cure for this disease. But a method of prevention has long been developed - vaccination.

Useful advice from medical practitioners.

1. Do not introduce new foods into your baby’s diet 3 days before vaccination;
2. Two to three days before vaccination, do not give your child vitamin D. You should also refrain from taking the drug for five days after vaccination;
3. If the child has not had a bowel movement a day before vaccination, you need to give him a glycerin suppository or an enema. Remember: constipation may increase the risk of side effects;
4. If the baby's temperature rises above the permissible norm, an antipyretic should be given. For example, Nurofen. Reduce the amount of food, but increase the amount of drink;
5. You should refrain from bathing your baby for two days after vaccination;
6. After vaccination, the child should be especially protected from all kinds of colds. After all, immunoprophylaxis itself is a real test for a child’s fragile body.

Vaccinations for children and adults in Kazakhstan Printable version

Prevention as a set of preventive measures prevents the occurrence of many diseases. You can protect yourself from many diseases by vaccination. The main thing in this case is to know what and when vaccinations you need to receive. You will learn about the frequency of vaccinations, possible side effects and risks if you refuse vaccinations in this material.

First of all, you should know that all mandatory vaccinations intended for certain groups of the population (described below) are provided free of charge at the expense of local and republican budgets.

The following population groups are subject to routine vaccinations against infectious and parasitic diseases:

• persons by age in accordance with the established timing of preventive vaccinations (according to the vaccination calendar);
• population living and working in natural foci of infectious diseases (spring-summer tick-borne encephalitis, anthrax, tularemia, plague);
• persons belonging to risk groups by the nature of their professional activities: medical workers (viral hepatitis B, influenza);
• sewerage and treatment plant workers (typhoid fever);

Vaccination of children

Despite the fact that vaccination is necessary at the onset of a particular age, the timing of vaccinations for infants is determined by the attending physician, based on the characteristics of the baby’s immune system. It is very important to determine the moment when the child’s body can “get over the vaccine disease” in a mild form and produce protective substances - antibodies. If a child is given a vaccine before the scheduled time, his immune system will not be able to “respond” correctly, and if later, there is a risk that the baby will get sick during this time.

Children can be vaccinated with domestic and foreign-made vaccines; most importantly, they must be registered and have a certificate from the National Center for Expertise of Medicines, Medical Devices and Medical Equipment.

It is better to get vaccinated in specialized rooms of medical institutions, because vaccines require certain storage rules.

Side effects and complications differ for different vaccines. Reactions such as moderate fever and pain at the injection site are quite common. Children often experience prolonged crying and loss of appetite. It is advisable that after vaccination the child remains under observation for at least 30 minutes in order to quickly receive medical help if he experiences, for example, an allergic reaction. Do not worry if your child's temperature rises after receiving the vaccine against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. This means that the drug is working.

If the child missed the vaccination deadline, he will have to “catch up” with his peers according to the general rules. For example, for those who do not have a vaccine against hepatitis B, it is given according to the following scheme: the first procedure, a month later the second, and after another 5 months - the third.

Vaccination calendar for children

Infectious diseases against which vaccinations are carried out at the expense of the republican budget

Table continuation

Infectious diseases against which vaccinations are carried out at the expense of local budgets

Vaccinations are done with the consent of parents or those who replace them. Information about all vaccinations received must be entered into his outpatient card or vaccination passport. Subsequently, an outpatient card or vaccination passport is presented when enrolling a child in kindergarten or school. Each educational institution has its own admission rules: in some places, having a vaccination passport is a mandatory requirement, while in others it is not necessary to provide it. But in some cases, the lack of an outpatient card and vaccination records becomes a reason for refusing to admit your child to school or kindergarten.

All preventive vaccinations performed are subject to registration by a medical professional and must contain the following information: date of administration of the drug, name of the drug, batch number, dose, control number, expiration date, nature of the reaction to the administration of the drug, country of origin. In addition to outpatient cards or vaccination passports, vaccination data may be contained in the following documents:

• for children - a preventive vaccination card (form 063/u), a history of the child's development (form 112/u), a child's medical record (form 026/u), an insert sheet for a teenager for an outpatient medical record (form 025-1/u) , register of preventive vaccinations for newborns (maternity hospital) - form 064-1/u, journal of vaccine movement - form 064-2/u, history of the development of a newborn (form 097/u);
• for adults - an outpatient medical record (form 025/y), a log of preventive vaccinations (form 064/y).

Vaccination of adults

We already know that most vaccinations need to be received as a child.
If for certain reasons you were not vaccinated before the age of 16, there is nothing stopping you from getting it now. Most often, adults are recommended to be vaccinated against measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis A and B, diphtheria, and tetanus. Vaccinations against these diseases must be taken at regular intervals. It is possible to receive some vaccinations on the same day as others. If you are thinking about vaccinating your body, then you need to follow the recommended schedule of preventive vaccinations for adults.

In addition, it is worth noting that travelers and people who, for one reason or another, come into contact with animals must receive other vaccinations. The decision regarding which additional vaccinations should be made is made together with your doctor.

To conclude the material, we note the importance of the vaccination procedure with the following statistics: according to the World Health Organization, routine immunization against polio, tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles and mumps (mumps) annually saves the lives and health of 3 million children in the world. New vaccines developed over the next 5 to 10 years are projected to prevent the deaths of an additional 8 million children per year.

What are the consequences of refusing vaccinations for newborns?

If you forget that the baby’s immunity needs external support for the full formation of protection, you can officially refuse vaccinations. The Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan provides for the refusal of vaccinations, but it also limits the admission of children who have not received routine vaccinations to preschool organizations. How do you understand limits, you ask? The Code of Health of the People connects this with herd immunity!

“In preschool organizations, children who have not received routine preventive vaccinations are provided only when the threshold level of collective immunity in the preschool is reached.”

This is exactly what the law says, which means that all preschool institutions have a threshold minimum percentage of vaccinated children, this is collective immunity. If the kindergarten you have chosen has not yet reached the above percentage of children, then they will be forced to refuse to accept an unvaccinated child.

Contraindications and preparation for vaccination

Routine vaccination can be rescheduled if the child:

• heat
• angina
• bronchitis
• flu

Before receiving the vaccination, the medical center staff conducts an examination to find out whether there are any chronic diseases or allergic reactions to drugs. Individual characteristics, such as prematurity and birth injuries, are also identified.

It is worth noting that it is undesirable to introduce new unusual foods into the diet of the mother or child several days before vaccination, so as not to cause an allergic reaction. During the examination, the doctor may indicate the need for additional tests and examination by other specialists. The main thing here is not to be afraid to ask everything that seems unclear to you. Every mother has the right to receive complete information about the upcoming vaccination in detail and about the drug itself.

It is important to remember the psychological state of your child at the time of vaccination. A good way to do this is not to scare your baby with doctors and injections.

Also in the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan there is a permanent exemption from routine vaccinations, the so-called permanent contraindications. This group includes HIV-infected people, children who have blood diseases and neoplasms in the body.

Children who have a mental illness, cerebral palsy and Down syndrome receive a temporary medical exemption and are urgently vaccinated during remission. It is important to remember that children in this category have very weak immunity; everything must be done to strengthen it.

I don’t see the need to vaccinate a child from the first days

When PP and healthy lifestyle become mainstream, there are various kinds of “fanatical” authors on the Internet who most often misinform the audience. Expectant mothers, having not received the correct information confirmed by medical specialists, strive to raise their child “without chemicals.” If, thanks to mass vaccination, we have stopped noticing the hepatitis B virus, this does not mean that it no longer exists. At the beginning of the pandemic, many also tried to “not see” and deny the coronavirus. Hygiene, proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle can be a great addition to your child's life. However, fashionable and correct trends do not allow children to be just another project.

What are the reasons to believe in routine vaccinations?

As immunologist Svetlana Postnova once noted, any vaccine is registered and tested for quality. According to her, the vaccine, in accordance with the specifications and certification of the manufacturer, undergoes examination in a laboratory, based on WHO standards. Next, the pharmacopoeial committee reviews documents on clinical trials of the vaccine in different countries. A whole group of experts monitors how the tests were carried out, their side effects and complications. If parents have doubts about any routine vaccinations, like any citizen, you can legally get answers to your questions from competent persons.

Is it correct to receive several vaccines at the same time?

During a simple meal, new foreign substances enter your child’s body, which cause a surge in various reactions. Coming into contact with a new world for the baby, his body tries to coexist with bacteria that can be on the skin and in the oral cavity and in the nose. When several vaccines are administered at once, the child’s body does not suffer and is not at risk. There is a much greater risk of catching an infection while exploring the baby’s new world.

Administering several vaccines at once prevents your child from receiving multiple shots one after the other and eliminates frequent trips to the clinic. When choosing separate vaccines, it is important to remember that we are exposing the child’s body to unnecessary injection stress.

How does vaccination affect a baby’s body?

Vaccinations develop a child's natural immunity to various diseases. When an infectious disease virus first enters a tiny body, it takes several days for it to understand how to protect itself. After which the body remembers the developed defense tools thanks to T-lymphocytes, most commonly known as “memory cells,” which are instantly activated upon re-infection. In turn, B lymphocytes detect familiar antigens and produce antibodies. Thus, we found that vaccination simulates infection without causing illness in the child. Hence the side effects after vaccination, such as fever and the expression “the body is fighting.”

It is for the above reasons that it is necessary to prepare the body long before infection so that it has time to develop the tools to fight.

Which vaccines require multiple doses?

In some cases, the first dose of the vaccine cannot build adequate protection for the body, and therefore requires additional doses. An excellent example is the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. And there are also cases when revaccination is required. The fact is that some vaccines produce immunity, but over time it is lost and requires revaccination. The revaccination procedure is carried out already at school age in the second and eighth grades. This applies to DTP vaccination. The individual characteristics of each organism play a role with live attenuated viruses: in vaccinations against measles, mumps and rubella. Scientists advise to be more confident in protection against the virus by vaccinating against these diseases twice. This will provide an excellent opportunity for those whose body was unable to produce antibodies from the first dose. But the flu vaccine is the most unstable of all; it must be done every year. The fact is that this virus changes every time, and accordingly it is necessary to change the composition of the drug against it. Such a vaccine is developed by scientists who predict and estimate in advance what composition the virus will spread in the coming year.

What to do with premature babies?

Premature babies need our protection more than anyone. Antibodies transmitted by the mother disappear much faster than in children born at term. The load on their immune system is colossal, which is why babies should be vaccinated according to their chronological age. A child in this group is entitled to all the same vaccinations as others. However, it requires special care and conditions. It is necessary to pay attention to body weight and the general condition of the child. To give an example, vaccination against tuberculosis is given to children weighing less than two kilograms not immediately after birth, but before discharge. But the situation with the hepatitis B vaccine is not much different from other children; it is given in the first 12 hours after birth. Children with damage to the respiratory system are vaccinated against influenza from the age of 6 months. It must be remembered that the care of premature babies rests with everyone around him, even down to the medical staff. Accordingly, all those who come into contact with the baby should be vaccinated against the flu.

Getting ready for kindergarten

On average, parents send their toddlers to kindergarten at the age of two or three years. As we found out above, during the first two or three years of life, the baby and his body are completely accustomed and adapted to external viruses. Just as your child will get to know his peers and learn how to communicate with them, his body will get to know new types of bacteria. Unfortunately, many of them can lead to various infectious diseases. Your attending physician will be the best adviser in this matter; after consulting with him, you can determine which infections your child should be wary of. As you know, when children are taken for walks in the fresh air in kindergartens, there is a danger of a tick bite. The bite of this pest can be dangerous for a small organism. There is a special vaccine against such complications.

Routine vaccinations in Germany

In Germany, many diseases have been eradicated thanks to mass vaccination. For example, they managed to get rid of complex forms of tuberculosis. They stopped vaccinating children against BCG since 1998; the vaccine against this infection was even discontinued. This result can only be achieved by universally informing the population. The famous German pediatrician Brigitte Hager notes that it directly comes down to social responsibility. Vaccination will not only protect a healthy child from various diseases, but will also help protect a child with contraindications. For example, children with chronic diseases are at risk next to unvaccinated children who have contracted measles, which is how herd immunity works.

Vaccination from an Islamic perspective

There is a lot of controversy surrounding this topic. People who adhere to religious views always try to find a middle ground between religion, medicine and law. Shariah is often interpreted either literally or as it is convenient for certain individuals. Again, the lack of awareness-raising work clearly figures. According to many, vaccinations only harm the health of the baby. Vaccination can cause complications only if the baby was unwell, because only healthy children can be vaccinated. As noted above, the child undergoes a routine examination before receiving the vaccine and, if contraindications are found, the child should not be vaccinated.