Go outside or stay at home: is it possible to walk after vaccination and why not?

Is it possible to walk with my child outside after vaccination the next day?

The decisive factor in this matter is the baby’s well-being and the characteristics of his post-vaccination reactions, often accompanied by hyperthermia, malaise, and local inflammatory manifestations.

If there is a temperature

Low-grade fever with values ​​of 37.5-38°C, as well as hyperthermia with higher values, are a good reason to refuse walks in the fresh air.

In such cases, much attention is paid to creating a favorable microclimate in the nursery: maintaining sufficient humidity and comfortable air temperature - no higher than 18-20°C.

Wet cleaning and ventilation are regularly carried out, while drafts are not allowed that threaten the child with a cold, whose immunity is busy developing immunity to specific dangerous infections.

If there is no temperature

If the post-vaccination period proceeds latently, without fever and systemic pathological reactions, restrictions on walks are not imposed.
When assessing well-being, they take into account the age-related characteristics of thermoregulation of healthy infants, whose physiological temperature values ​​directly depend on their motor and emotional activity and can normally reach 37.2-37.5 ° C in the evening. Therefore, they focus not only on the thermometer values, but also on the general condition of the baby.

Proponents of a healthy lifestyle consider walks in the fresh air an indispensable condition for the development of a child’s body, including its ability to form specific immunity.

Enterovirus infection in children and adults: answers to basic questions

What is enterovirus infection?
Enteroviral infections (EVI) are a group of acute diseases caused by enteroviruses and characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations from mild febrile states to severe menigoencephalitis and myocarditis.

What symptoms and signs can enterovirus infection manifest in children and adults?

In different people, enterovirus infection develops differently and manifests itself with different symptoms: for some it can proceed almost unnoticeably or cause only symptoms similar to a common cold, while for others it can develop very severely. The first and only symptoms of enterovirus infection may be: temperature from 38.5°C to 40°C, which persists for several days, severe weakness and chills; headache, pain in muscles and joints; a little later (but not necessarily) the following may appear: sore throat (sore throat), nausea and vomiting; stomach ache; diarrhea.

How and from whom can a healthy person become infected with enterovirus infection?

A healthy child or adult can become infected with an enterovirus infection from another person who has recently been infected and recovered from the disease. The virus is contained in particles of saliva, mucus (from the throat), as well as in particles of feces of a sick person. Healthy people can become infected by communicating with a sick person, by sharing utensils or towels, or by drinking water or food that may have been contaminated with saliva or stool particles from an infected person. Children can become infected from other children while playing. Another source of infection with enterovirus infection can be swimming pools and natural bodies of water, in which enteroviruses can survive for some time.

At what time of year can you become infected with enterovirus infection?

Every year, hundreds of millions of cases of enterovirus infection are recorded worldwide. Enterovirus infection can be contracted at any time of the year, but cases of this disease are most often recorded in the summer and early autumn. How long is the incubation period for enterovirus infection? The incubation period for enterovirus infection ranges from 1 to 14 days, more often 5-7 days.

When does a person infected with enterovirus infection become infectious and how long does he remain infectious?

A person who has become infected with enterovirus can become infectious several days before the first symptoms of the disease appear. After the onset of the disease, the virus continues to be shed in mucus particles from the throat for 1-3 weeks and in stool particles for 1-2 months.

How can you prevent other family members from becoming infected?

If you or your child are sick with an enterovirus infection and you would like to protect other family members from infection, try to follow these rules: during the entire period of illness and for another 3 weeks after recovery, make sure that the sick person uses separate dishes and towels and linen. Try to wash your hands frequently with soap and water (especially after touching a sick person or anything that might have saliva or feces on them) and insist that the sick person wash their hands more often.

Can an enterovirus infection cause a skin rash?

In addition to the rash described above in the form of grayish blisters on the arms and legs, enterovirus infection can provoke the appearance of a more or less profuse rash in the form of red spots, which can be very similar to the rash of measles or rubella

What complications and consequences can enterovirus infection cause in children and adults?

In the vast majority of adults and children who become infected with enterovirus infection, the disease develops completely harmlessly and ends with complete recovery within 5-10 days. However, in some people, this infection can cause serious complications in the heart, nervous system, lungs and other internal organs and can lead to death. The dangerous development of enterovirus infection is more likely in young children (including infants) and in people with a weakened immune system.

Prevention: is there a vaccination against enterovirus infection?

Considering the possible routes of transmission, personal preventive measures should consist of observing the rules of personal hygiene, maintaining a drinking regime (boiled water, bottled water), thoroughly processing fruits and vegetables using a brush and then rinsing with boiling water. We recommend wet cleaning of residential premises at least 2 times a day and ventilation of the premises. For the purpose of early detection of the disease, it is necessary to monitor children who have been in contact with patients with thermometry at least 2 times a day for 10 days. You should avoid visiting public events, places with large crowds of people (public transport, cinemas, etc.). Under no circumstances should a child be allowed to attend an organized children's group (school, preschool institutions) with any manifestations of the disease, as this contributes to its spread and infection of others. Is it possible to get enterovirus infection again? After suffering an enterovirus infection, a strong immunity is usually formed in the human body, which protects it from infection by the same microbe again. However, this immunity may not be effective against all types of enterovirus infection (we have already said above that dozens of its variants are currently known). Therefore, if a person becomes infected with a new type of enterovirus, he or she may again develop symptoms of the disease.

Why can't you go for a walk after vaccination?

Proponents of the walking ban cite two main arguments in defense of their point of view.

Firstly, the immune system of a vaccinated child, busy with the formation of specific protection, is not able to completely protect him from pathogenic environmental factors, viruses and bacteria, thereby creating the preconditions for the occurrence of the disease.

Secondly, the desire of parents to protect the baby from infection by wrapping him up warmly results in active sweating, increased body temperature, irritation and inflammation at the injection site. Some parents share this point of view and consider walking for several days after vaccination inappropriate.

Is it possible to wet the injection site and when is it permissible to bathe a child?

Many parents have a reasonable question about why water procedures after vaccination are prohibited. This should not be done for the following reasons:

• while bathing, the child may become hypothermic, which increases the risk of developing colds, which is extremely undesirable during immunization;
• pathogenic microflora can penetrate through the wound at the injection site, which will cause the development of complications;
• in some cases, bathing can cause an abrupt increase in body temperature.

Based on this, water procedures can be used after two days from the date of vaccination. The child’s well-being is taken into account. As for infants, bathing can be replaced by wiping with a damp cloth, but this avoids exposure to the injection site.

How many days is it advisable not to go outside after vaccination?

The duration of the ban on walks is determined by the child’s well-being and the characteristics of the post-vaccination stage.
In case of pronounced vaccine reactions, they remain at home with the baby during the entire period of hyperthermia, plus one more day after the temperature normalizes.

The ban on walking applies to cases of rapid post-vaccination reactions and the development of post-vaccination complications, as well as suspicion of a concomitant disease.

In these circumstances, the decision to establish a closed home regime is made after consultation with a pediatrician.

Vaccination schedule

A general schedule of childhood vaccinations has been approved. It applies to children from birth until they reach 14 years of age.

After administration of which vaccines is quarantine required?

Only vaccines containing live pathogens can pose a certain epidemiological danger. Limiting contact is required when immunizing a child with live oral polio vaccine.

The reason for quarantine is the likelihood of infection of people around him with the vaccine-associated form of this infection (VAPP).

Its source is a vaccinated child; the mutated polio pathogen can be transmitted from him to his close circle of friends through the fecal-oral route. Preliminary two-stage administration of inactivated killed polio vaccine completely protects contact children from VAPP.

Live measles vaccines contain a weakened pathogen that cannot infect other people. Even if the child develops a rash in the post-vaccination period, and contacts constitute a risk group: children, pregnant women, people with immunodeficiency or cancer pathology.

Live flu vaccines also do not pose a danger to people around the vaccinated child. However, it takes one and a half to two weeks for the body to form full immunity, so flu vaccination is carried out in advance - before the onset of the epidemic (in October).

If immunization is carried out at the height of the epidemic season, then during the specified time experts instruct the vaccinated person to limit contacts in order to avoid infection.

Depending on the situation, quarantine after vaccination is imposed in order to protect both the vaccinated person (DPT, influenza) and his immediate environment (AFP) during the vaccination period.

Contraindications to immunization

It is not for nothing that the terminology includes the concept of “medical exemption from vaccination.” It can be completely excluding its introduction or postponing it for several months.

It is prohibited to install DPT if:

• acute infectious disease in a child or mother;
• severely tolerated previous vaccination: angioedema, convulsions, loss of consciousness;
• diseases of the immune system;
• development of oncopathology;
• allergies that occur in severe form.

Temporary contraindications to vaccination will be:

• recovery period after illness;
• chronic disease during exacerbation;
• positive allergy tests - until allergy symptoms subside.

If vaccinated with a live vaccine, is it possible to contact children?

Separation of vaccinated and unvaccinated children is carried out only when using live oral polio vaccine.
A two-month quarantine is also imposed on children who have received less than two or three vaccinations with an inactivated vaccine, as well as in case of errors in meeting the immunization deadlines. The actions of the heads of kindergartens and schools to separate OPV vaccinated children from unvaccinated children are regulated by Resolution of the Chief State Doctor of the Russian Federation No. 107 of July 28, 2011.

The quarantine period is 60 days, starting from the day of vaccination. In kindergartens, the child is usually transferred to another group where there are no recently vaccinated OPVs. However, the Resolution does not separately stipulate which of the children (vaccinated or not) is isolated from the group.

This controversial issue is resolved in each specific case, taking into account the capabilities, significance, positions and requirements of all interested parties: the child vaccinated with OPV, the unvaccinated contact and the educational institution itself.

How is it transferred

DTP is considered a vaccine with increased reactogenicity. The immune system response occurs in a large number of children. Most often it is expressed in 5 symptoms.

1. When the injection site becomes inflamed, a lump or redness forms. Usually the redness goes away on its own within 10–14 days. If the needle does not hit the muscle, but the fat layer, it is better to lubricate the injection site with ointment.

2. Body temperature rises to 38 °C. In this case, you cannot wait for the fever to go away on its own. At the first signs of hyperthermia, it is necessary to give the child an antipyretic. Children under 1 year of age are often given candles.
3. Malaise and drowsiness. You need to play quiet games with your baby, avoid communicating with other children, visiting crowded public places, and put the child to bed during a quiet time.
4. Allergies can be relieved by taking antihistamines.
5. Tearfulness goes away after 2-3 days without medication.

Recommendations for parents regarding walking after immunization

A vaccinated child who is full of energy, lively, and in a good mood, whose vaccine reactions are latent, is not considered sick.

In the vast majority of cases, walks in good weather are not deprived of him, but they adhere to some rules recommended by experts:

• two to three quarters of an hour immediately after vaccination, during which the child is prescribed to stay near the medical office, is usually spent not in the corridors of the clinic next to sick children, but in the fresh air in the courtyard of the medical institution;
• for walks, choose a park or square away from highways, avoid playgrounds, shops and other places with large crowds of people - limit not so much walks in the fresh air, but contacts with other children and adults;
• maintain hygiene, often use wet or antibacterial wipes to protect the child not only from airborne infections, but also from intestinal infections;
• dress according to the weather, prefer natural fabrics: synthetic ones do not allow the child’s body to breathe, promote increased sweating and the appearance of irritation and inflammation at the injection site;
• infants are usually taken out into the fresh air while they sleep, older children are occupied with quiet games outside: excessive activity during a walk can provoke an increase in body temperature;
• in the hot season, children are provided with sufficient drinking conditions.

Rules of conduct after revaccination

The best activities for the next 48 hours: quiet walks outside, games at home that exclude increased child excitement or stress. There is no need to introduce a new type of complementary feeding or change the mother’s diet.

Create a calm, even atmosphere for your baby, without innovation, so it will be easier for the body to form immunity to foreign microorganisms.

It is necessary to reschedule the injection date if the family is planning an event with a large crowd of people.

Side effects and complications

There are reactions to vaccination, after which you need to seek help from a doctor. These include severe allergies (Quincke's edema), prolonged screaming or crying of an infant (more than three hours), acute respiratory failure syndrome, convulsions, and arrhythmia.

The occurrence of complications also depends on the qualitative identification of the presence of contraindications to the administration of the drug.