The need for vaccination
- The presence of epidemic indications, that is, an unfavorable epidemiological situation in a certain territory, for example, in a place of residence.
- Professional employment in a field that involves an increased risk of contact with pathogens (medicine, animal husbandry), or when the person himself can become a source of infection for other people - organized children's groups, water utility workers, food industry, etc.
- Categories of people who are at increased risk due to their health status are older age, immunosuppressive conditions.
When planning vaccination for adults, their vaccination status must be taken into account.
What vaccinations for adults are included in the national calendar?
According to the national calendar of preventive vaccinations for adults, vaccination against the following infections is provided:
- Flu. Outbreaks occur every year. The virus is highly contagious, and some strains can cause serious complications. The vaccine may contain different types of viruses, as well as a combination of them. It is necessary to be vaccinated every year, several months before the planned rise in incidence. This is especially important for medical workers, teachers, and people over 50 years of age.
- Diphtheria and tetanus. Infections are severe not only in children, but also in adults. Cases of diphtheria in the latter category of persons occur relatively rarely, but tetanus is recorded regularly. At-risk groups include agricultural workers, livestock workers, etc. Adults need to be vaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus every 10 years.
- Rubella. The virus poses the greatest danger to pregnant women. The disease can lead to serious congenital malformations, and in adults it may not manifest itself at all. In order to avoid such consequences, before planning a pregnancy, every woman must determine her antibody level to the rubella virus and, if indicated, be vaccinated.
- Corey. A distinctive feature is its very high infectivity, which approaches 100%. However, in adults the disease is more severe than in children. Complications such as pneumonia, hearing impairment, meningoencephalitis, etc. often occur. In addition, due to the suppression of immune defense, chronic diseases are exacerbated, which can now be detected in almost any adult. Experts recommend that all unvaccinated people under 35 years of age, and if indicated, up to 55 years of age, must be vaccinated.
- Hepatitis B. A serious disease that is difficult to treat and contributes to the development of severe complications from the liver. Hepatitis B is widespread in countries in Africa, Asia, Central Europe, etc. Adults who visit these regions should be vaccinated. Vaccination is also indicated for healthcare workers, patients who frequently receive blood transfusions and its components, and all unvaccinated people under the age of 55.
According to epidemiological indications, vaccinations are prescribed for adults against the following infections:
- viral hepatitis A;
- tick-borne viral encephalitis;
- pneumococcal infection;
- rabies;
- polio;
- hemophilus influenzae infection;
- a number of zoonoses - leptospirosis, anthrax, tularemia, plague, etc.
There are also vaccinations that are not included in the national calendar. Their use is not paid for by the state and is carried out at the request of the patient. For example, a vaccine against the human papillomavirus, which causes cervical cancer in women. Vaccination against this infection is recommended in adolescence, before sexual activity begins. Vaccination for adult women is advisable until they reach 26 years of age.
Vaccine prevention is our responsibility to ourselves!
Vaccinations at work
1. Federal Law of March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population.”
2. Federal Law of September 17, 1998 N 157-FZ “On Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases”.
3. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 2, 1999 N 885 “On approval of the list of post-vaccination complications caused by preventive vaccinations included in the national calendar of preventive vaccinations, and preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications, entitling citizens to receive state one-time benefits.”
4. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 15, 1999 N 825 “On approval of the list of works, the performance of which is associated with a high risk of infectious diseases and requires mandatory preventive vaccinations.”
5. Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated March 21, 2014 N 125n “On approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications.”
6. Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated May 17, 1999 N 174 “On measures to further improve the prevention of tetanus.”
7. Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated September 17, 1993 N 220 “On measures to develop and improve the infectious diseases service in the Russian Federation.”
8. Order of the Federal Service of Rospotrebnadzor of December 27, 2012 N 1198 “On the Creation of a Scientific and Methodological Center for Immunoprophylaxis of the Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Protection of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare.”
9. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1.2.3162-14 “Prevention of whooping cough.”
10. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1/3.2.3146-13 “General requirements for the prevention of infectious and parasitic diseases.”
11. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1.2.3117-13 “Prevention of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections.”
12. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1.2.3116-13 “Prevention of community-acquired pneumonia.”
13. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1.2.3114-13 “Prevention of tuberculosis.”
14. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1.2.3113-13 “Prevention of tetanus”.
15. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1.2.3109-13 “Prevention of diphtheria”.
16. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1.2952-11 “Prevention of measles, rubella and mumps.”
17. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1.2951-11 “Prevention of polio.”
18. Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.7.2790-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the management of medical waste.”
19. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1.2825-10 “Prevention of viral hepatitis A”.
20. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1.7.2627 -10 “Prevention of rabies among people.”
21. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.3.2367-08 “Organization of immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases.”
22. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1.3.2352-08 “Prevention of tick-borne viral encephalitis.”
23. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.3.2342-08 “Ensuring the safety of immunization.”
24. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1.1.2341-08 “Prevention of viral hepatitis B”.
25. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.3.2.1248-03 “Conditions for transportation and storage of medical immunobiological preparations.”
26. Sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.3.2.1120-02 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions of transportation, storage and dispensing to citizens of medical immunobiological preparations used for immunoprophylaxis by pharmacies and healthcare institutions” (as amended on February 18, 2008).
27. Guidelines MU 3.1.2.3047-13 “Epidemiological surveillance of community-acquired pneumonia.”
28. Methodological recommendations MR 3.3.1.0058-12 “Preventive immunization of persons taking part in mass international sporting events on the territory of the Russian Federation.”
29. Guidelines MU 3.1.3018-12 “Epidemic surveillance of diphtheria.”
30. Guidelines MU 3.1.2943-11 “Organization and conduct of serological monitoring of the state of collective immunity to infections controlled by means of specific prevention (diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, measles, rubella, mumps, polio, hepatitis B).”
31. Guidelines MU 3.1.2837-11 “Epidemiological surveillance and prevention of viral hepatitis A.”
32. Methodological recommendations MP 3.3.1.0027-11 “Epidemiology and vaccine prevention of infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.”
33. Guidelines MU 3.1.2792-10 “Epidemic surveillance of hepatitis B.”
34. Guidelines MU 3.3.2.2437-09 “Use of thermal indicators to control the temperature conditions of storage and transportation of medical immunobiological preparations in the Cold Chain system.”
35. Guidelines MU 3.1.2436-09 “Epidemiological surveillance of tetanus.”
36. Guidelines MU 3.3.2400-08 “Monitoring the work of health care organizations on the issues of immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases.”
37. Guidelines MU 3.1.2313-08 “Requirements for the disinfection, destruction and disposal of single-use injection syringes.”
38. Methodological recommendations “Immunization with a polysaccharide polyvalent vaccine for the prevention of pneumococcal infection” (approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on February 8, 2008 N 01/816-8-34).
39. Methodological recommendations “Procedure for use, collection, storage, transportation, destruction, disposal (recycling) of self-locking (self-destroying) CP syringes and disposable injection needles” (approved by the Federal Service of Rospotrebnadzor on November 11, 2005 N 0100/9856-05 -34).
40. Guidelines MU 3.3.1889-04 “Procedure for preventive vaccinations.”
41. Guidelines MU 3.3.1879-04 “Investigation of post-vaccination complications.”
42. Guidelines MU 3.3.1878-04 “Economic effectiveness of vaccine prevention.”
43. Guidelines MU 3.3.2.1761-03 “On the procedure for destroying unusable vaccines and toxoids.”
44. Guidelines MU 3.3.1252-03 “Tactics of immunization of the adult population against diphtheria.”
45. Guidelines MU 3.3.2.1172-02 “Procedure for providing state municipal healthcare organizations with medical immunobiological preparations within the framework of national calendar of preventive vaccinations and calendar of vaccinations for epidemic indications.”
46. Guidelines MU 3.3.1.1123-02 “Monitoring of post-vaccination complications and their prevention.”
47. Guidelines MU 3.3.1.1095-02 “Medical contraindications to preventive vaccinations with drugs from the national vaccination calendar.”
48. Letter of the Federal Service of Rospotrebnadzor “On the prevention of yellow fever” (information letter is issued annually).
49. Letter of the Federal Service of Rospotrebnadzor “On the list of endemic territories for tick-borne viral encephalitis in 2013” (information letter is issued annually).
*WHO position paper on hepatitis A vaccines - July 2012. Weekly Epidemiology Bulletin (WER), 2012;28-29(87): 261-276
Benefits of vaccination in any pediatric healthcare setting
Responsibility for the life and health of the patient
- vaccination is carried out only in specially equipped and licensed pediatric medical centers
- All drugs used are approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation and have the necessary certificates.
- the quality of drugs, expiration dates and storage conditions are carefully controlled
- medical personnel performing vaccinations are certified as “vaccination nurses” and undergo regular additional training and certification
- Before vaccination with any vaccines, all patients are required to be examined by an immunoprophylaxis doctor. The purpose of the examination is to make sure that the patient’s body condition is normal, there are no contraindications or medical exemptions from vaccination, and there is no risk of developing post-vaccination complications.
- After vaccination, the patient must remain in the medical center for at least 30 minutes under the supervision of a vaccination nurse
- the next day after vaccination, the vaccination nurse will definitely call you, check your health status, and make sure that the vaccination was successful.
- in case of need or development of post-vaccination complications, a pediatrician, an immunoprophylaxis specialist, will come to your home free of charge within 24 hours after vaccination and provide the necessary assistance.
