What vaccinations are needed to work in catering?

How to prevent infection?

Along with standard methods of preventing infection (regular hand washing, food handling, etc.), vaccination against dysentery for adults and children shows its effectiveness as a preventive measure. In medicine, the Shigellvac vaccine is used for this.

After administration of the serum, the vaccinated person begins to produce specific antibodies that prevent infection with dysentery. Immunity to infection develops in about two weeks. The effect of the vaccine lasts for about a year.

Why is the dysentery vaccination necessary?

Dysentery is an infectious disease of bacterial etiology, characterized by intoxication of the gastrointestinal tract.
According to the World Health Organization, it accounts for 75% of cases of all diagnosed intestinal diseases of an infectious nature. Every year, approximately ninety million people become infected with Shigella bacteria, which are the triggering factor for this disease. About 700 thousand of those infected die. The spread of the bacterium occurs through the fecal-oral route. Just ten bacteria entering the human body are enough to cause clinical manifestations of the disease: diarrhea, fever, nausea, blood in the stool.

They appear a few days after consuming contaminated food or water and can last for several days or weeks.

A mild form, as a rule, goes away within a week with adequate treatment, but a severe form can be fatal (usually in cases of children under four years of age). Immunity after illness lasts only for a few months, so the risk of re-infection is high.

Vaccination against dysentery for adults and children is the most effective preventive measure, allowing the formation of immunity for twelve months. It is done in the spring and autumn before the peaks of incidence, characteristic of the seasons when fresh vegetables appear.

Contraindications to vaccinations against dysentery

Like any medicine, vaccination against dysentery has some contraindications. The main thing is individual intolerance to the components of the drug. To prevent an allergy attack, the patient is first given a small dose of the drug, and the doctor monitors the well-being of the vaccinated person.

Also, vaccinations against dysentery are not recommended:

• pregnant women;
• children under 3 years old;
• people during periods of exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• patients with acute infection.

Who needs the Shigellvac vaccine?

In accordance with the Shigellvac instructions, it can be used to vaccinate adults and children over three years of age. The risk group includes the following categories of citizens:

• catering chain employees;
• hospital infectious disease department staff;
• bacteriological laboratory specialists;
• persons entering areas where there is a high risk of infection;
• preschool children attending kindergartens;
• schoolchildren and children leaving for health camps.

The vaccine can be administered urgently in case of accidents in water supply and sewer lines. General vaccination is carried out during epidemic outbreaks.

How is vaccination against dysentery carried out?

The drug is administered strictly in a treatment room. The ampoule must be opened in complete sterility. The injection is placed subcutaneously in the shoulder area.

Before getting vaccinated against dysentery, the doctor will conduct an examination to exclude possible medical contraindications. The decision about the possibility of administering the drug is made based on examination, as well as the results of laboratory tests of blood and urine.

After the injection, the patient is recommended to stay in the clinic for about an hour so that the doctor can monitor the body’s reaction.

Shigellwack

In the clinics of JSC “Family Doctor” you can be vaccinated against Sonne dysentery with the modern domestic vaccine “Shigellvac”.

Dysentery is a common intestinal infection. Dysentery accounts for 70% of all cases of gastrointestinal diseases. Both adults and children can get sick. Children get sick more often because they observe hygiene rules less well. It is no coincidence that dysentery is called the “disease of dirty hands” - the pathogen is transmitted orally, that is, it enters the body through food. At the same time, it reproduces well in milk and dairy products. Therefore, even personal hygiene does not completely eliminate the risk of infection. Outbreaks of dysentery often occur in children's groups (in kindergartens). In this regard, the peak incidence has shifted from summer (warm days contribute to infection activity) to autumn.

The causative agent of the disease is bacteria of the genus Shigella, most often Shigella Sonne (at least 80% of those cases where the pathogen was identified in the laboratory). Vaccination against Sonne dysentery will make you feel more protected and reduce the risk of developing the disease. In some cases, vaccination is especially important.

You need to get vaccinated against Sonne dysentery if you:

• employee of an infectious diseases hospital or biological laboratory;
• work in the field of catering or municipal improvement;
• you travel to a region where the hygiene culture is less developed or there are no conditions for observing hygiene rules. Especially if you are planning a trip during the warm season.
• It is also highly advisable for children who attend childcare centers or go to a health camp to get this vaccination. You will be more confident that your child will actually rest and not face an intestinal disease.

The Shigellvac vaccine is produced by Russia. The vaccine was registered in 2008 and has passed all the necessary clinical trials. Today, Shigellvac is one of the most effective vaccines for the prevention of dysentery.

Immunity against the causative agent of dysentery is developed already on days 14-20 after vaccination and provides immunity to infection for 1 year. Vaccination is possible for both adults and children over 3 years of age. Vaccination can be done annually.

You can get vaccinated with the Shigellvac vaccine at any of the Family Doctor clinics.

Vaccination and inoculations

Vaccine prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases

The main goal of vaccination is the formation of immunity (immunity) to diseases. This becomes possible by introducing into the human body a weakened or killed microbe that causes the infection against which the vaccine is being vaccinated, or its antigen. As a result, special substances and cells are produced that are capable of neutralizing the pathogen when infecting a person.

Each country has a national vaccination calendar - this is a scheme of compulsory vaccinations carried out at a certain age for children and adults, which allows you to most fully protect a person from infections. On the territory of Russia, all vaccinations included in the national calendar of preventive vaccinations are performed free of charge and with the consent of the patient or the child’s parents. The city of Moscow has a regional calendar of preventive vaccinations.

In accordance with the national and regional calendars of preventive vaccinations for adults, the following vaccinations are given: against diphtheria, tetanus, rubella, hepatitis B, measles, influenza, as well as against pneumococcal infection, meningococcal infection, hepatitis A, chickenpox, Sonne dysentery, tick-borne viral encephalitis.

Vaccination against hepatitis B is carried out for all persons under 55 years of age.

Vaccination against rubella - all girls and women under 25 years of age who have not been sick and have not been vaccinated previously.

Vaccination against measles - up to 35 years of age (for medical workers - up to 55 years of age), who have not been sick and have not been vaccinated previously.

Revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus is carried out fully vaccinated in childhood every 10 years without age restrictions.

People with chronic diseases, medical workers, employees of educational institutions, social services, public utilities, transport, students, pregnant women, people conscripted for military service, adults over 60 years of age are vaccinated against influenza .

In addition to influenza, conscripts are also vaccinated against pneumococcal and meningococcal infections and chickenpox.

Employees of educational and other institutions who work with food and water are vaccinated against viral hepatitis A and against Sonne dysentery . Contacts with patients in areas of this infection are also vaccinated against hepatitis A.

People traveling to endemic areas (in the Moscow region these are Dmitrovsky and Taldomsky districts), as well as people of certain professions, are vaccinated against tick-borne viral encephalitis

Vaccinations are carried out in vaccination rooms of children's and adult clinics, in medical rooms of preschool institutions, schools, and colleges. You can get yourself and your children vaccinated for free at the public clinic at your place of residence. To do this, you need to make an appointment with a doctor, which will not be difficult.

You can make an appointment in the following ways:

• by calling the clinic call center: 122
• by citywide telephone number of the Unified Medical Information and Analytical System (UMIAS)
• through information machines or an information kiosk in the clinic lobby
• via the Internet: on the websites www.gosuslugi.ru, www.emias.info, section “Services and Services” on mos.ru
• via the EMIAS mobile application (available for iOS and Android)

Take care of your health in advance, get preventive vaccinations!
Attention: if previously the presence of a chronic disease was considered a contraindication to vaccination, now, on the contrary, they are trying to vaccinate such people first, because infections are much more dangerous for them than for healthy people.

It should be remembered that complications from vaccination are thousands of times less common than complications of infections against which vaccinations are given.

What vaccinations do adults need to get?

Adults are routinely vaccinated (according to the National Calendar) against diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B, measles, rubella, influenza, and also for epidemic indications (within the framework of regional immunization programs) - against pneumococcal infection, hepatitis A, dysentery, tick-borne encephalitis and others infections.

Against diphtheria and tetanus.

For immunization of adults, as well as older children, a weakened diphtheria-tetanus toxoid - ADS-m - is used. To maintain immunity, adults must be vaccinated every ten years (without any age limit).

Vaccinations against hepatitis B

carried out on unvaccinated adults under 55 years of age. Mass immunization of the population (children and adults) against hepatitis B began in 2006, and many adults still remain unvaccinated. Vaccinations against hepatitis B are especially relevant for individuals in certain professions, especially medical workers who have contact with blood.

Vaccinations against measles.

Adults who have not had measles before, have not been vaccinated or have been vaccinated against measles once, are vaccinated before the age of 35. Up to 55 years of age inclusive, adults belonging to risk groups (medical workers, employees of educational organizations, etc.) are vaccinated. After a two-time administration of the vaccine, just like after a measles infection, stable, long-term immunity to this infection is formed. Immunization according to epidemic indications is carried out to persons who have had contact with a person with measles (or if the disease is suspected), who have not had measles before, who have not been vaccinated, who have been vaccinated once, without age restrictions. According to epidemic indications, immunization against measles is carried out as quickly as possible - in the first 72 hours from the moment of contact with the patient.

Vaccinations against rubella.

Adults (only girls or women up to 25 years of age inclusive) who have not had rubella before, have not been vaccinated or have been vaccinated once, are immunized against rubella twice.

Vaccinations against pneumococcal infection.

They are indicated for adults, especially the elderly (after 65 years), who have any chronic diseases, especially those that suppress the immune system (diabetes mellitus, blood diseases, liver diseases, HIV infection, etc.). For younger people, this vaccination is also relevant, especially for people in certain professions (medical workers, education workers, trade workers, transport workers), that is, those whose profession is associated with a wide circle of communication.

Vaccinations against hepatitis A.

Recommended for persons living in regions disadvantaged by the incidence of hepatitis A, as well as persons at occupational risk of infection (medical workers, public service workers employed in the food industry, as well as those servicing water supply and sewerage facilities), travelers departing to countries with high morbidity and low levels of hygiene, military personnel, refugees. Vaccinations are carried out twice with an interval of 6–12 months.

Vaccinations against shigellosis (dysentery).

Conducted to persons employed in the field of public catering and municipal improvement, and to employees of infectious diseases medical organizations. Mass immunization of the population is carried out when there is a threat of an epidemic or outbreak (natural disasters).

Vaccinations against tick-borne encephalitis.

Conducted for populations living in areas where this disease is endemic. Vaccinations are carried out in accordance with the instructions for use of the drug (as a rule, at least two doses of the vaccine are required, followed by revaccination).

In areas of infection, adults are vaccinated against meningococcal infection, mumps, chickenpox, typhoid fever, and cholera. In endemic areas, the population or individual risk groups can also be vaccinated against: tularemia, leptospirosis, plague, brucellosis, rabies, anthrax, Q fever, yellow fever (when traveling to countries where this infection is registered).

Photo: From personal archive

Sergey Butriy, pediatrician, employee of the Rassvet (Moscow) and Medis (Ivanovo) clinics, author of the book “Child’s Health. Modern approach. How to learn to cope with illnesses and your own panic":

— People born before the 1990s are usually not yet vaccinated against hepatitis B. Accordingly, all of them should be fully vaccinated. It is also necessary to be revaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus once every ten years. This is the basics, and the rest is optional. I am additionally vaccinated against hepatitis A (the vaccine is administered twice and protects for 20 years, then a single booster is required). Scheme: before the first spring, two vaccinations, before the second - one, and then once every three years, one dose of the vaccine. As for measles, people born after 1990 are most likely vaccinated twice, but for those born earlier, I would recommend getting vaccinated, because previously it was believed that one dose was enough for a lifetime, but then this was refuted and included in the recommendations second.

Photo: From personal archive

Valery Ivanov, member of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia and the American Academy of Pediatrics, medical blogger:

— Adults need to be tested for measles, and if there is no information about vaccination and there are no antibodies, then they need to be vaccinated. The second is chicken pox: if a person has not been sick, then they need to be vaccinated twice with an interval of at least a month. I would recommend that older people get vaccinated against herpes zoster, but this vaccine is not currently available in Russia. Herpes zoster is the second form of the chickenpox virus: when a person has chickenpox, the virus goes into latent form in the neurons of the cranial nerves and ganglia. In old age, when immunity declines, the virus wakes up, and a person experiences exacerbations in the form of herpes zoster - these are painful blisters that cause severe discomfort. This vaccination is included in the US calendar. It's called Shingrix. I would also recommend flu and hepatitis A vaccinations for adults because adults get sicker from hepatitis A than children. If you were not vaccinated against hepatitis B in childhood, you should also do so. In the USA, vaccination of the elderly against pneumococcal infection has also been developed: after 65 years of age, they are vaccinated with the Prevenar 13 (PVC13) vaccine, and a year later with the Pneumo 23 or Pneumovax 23 (PPSV23) vaccine.

Flu vaccination

The disease is an acute respiratory infection that affects the human respiratory tract.
It differs mainly by its aerosol propagation mechanism. That is, through inhalation of particles of infected mucus or saliva. The flu periodically spreads at a faster rate, turning into an epidemic. It is particularly dangerous because it often develops into pneumonia – a deep inflammation of the lung tissue, which poses a serious threat to people’s lives. The need to vaccinate catering workers is due to the fact that they work in crowded places. This significantly increases the risk of infection or, conversely, transmission of the pathogen from them to other people. In any case, this leads to an increase in the rate of spread of infection. Therefore, the sanitary and epidemiological service puts forward strict requirements for mandatory regular vaccination against influenza for catering staff. The recommended time for its annual holding is early autumn.

When is Shigellvac vaccine needed?

Dysentery leads to disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract and intoxication. The disease develops rapidly.

• Already 4-5 days after infection, the patient develops a fever. A person feels chills or fever, weakness, headache, and loses appetite.
• Later, nausea joins the symptoms, often with vomiting.
• Cramping pain begins in the lower abdomen, stool becomes frequent and loose. Feces do not have time to form; they are replaced by mucus interspersed with blood and pus. The number of bowel movements per day reaches 10 or more. This leads to severe dehydration, which makes the situation worse.

In severe cases (0.7%), death is possible.
More than 60% of infections occur in children under 4 years of age. The Shigellvac vaccine forms temporary immunity to Sonne dysentery - for 1 year. If necessary, the vaccination is repeated after 12 months. Vaccination can be done as many times as needed. Vaccination required:

• Residents of regions with high incidence rates. It is better to vaccinate in the spring, because outbreaks of dysentery usually occur in the summer.
• People who plan to visit epidemiologically unfavorable regions. Dysentery can be contracted in the south - in the Krasnodar Territory, Crimea, Ossetia.
• Tourists heading to tropical countries, especially if we are talking about a “wild” vacation.
• Catering and utility workers, people who regularly come into contact with sick people.
• Children before going to camp.