Why did the child become sick more often?
First of all, unusually close contact with a large number of children causes the spread of infectious diseases. Therefore, the child may begin to get sick more often.
This is how the child’s immune system “trains” practically in combat conditions. As a rule, children get sick less and less by school. However, if the child did not attend kindergarten, then in primary school he may begin to experience what his peers have already experienced: frequent colds and infectious diseases.
In addition to harmless colds, highly contagious infections become especially dangerous: influenza, measles, chickenpox, whooping cough, diphtheria, pneumococcal and meningococcal infections.
Rodent vaccination
Despite the wide variety of rodent species among small domestic animals, rabbits are mainly vaccinated.
What infectious diseases are dangerous for rabbits?
- Rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease is a viral contagious disease of rabbits with a severe course, a tendency to bleed and a high probability of death. Not dangerous for humans. No treatment has been developed.
- myxomatosis is a disease transmitted mainly through blood-sucking insects, therefore it is more relevant in the warm season. It often ends in death; surviving animals may remain virus carriers. Not dangerous for humans. No treatment has been developed.
- rabies - the likelihood of contracting rabies for a domestic rabbit is negligible, however, vaccination must be done at the request of veterinary services when transporting a pet abroad.
- Other diseases for domestic rabbits are not so relevant, although vaccines against these diseases exist - pasteurellosis, listeriosis, salmonellosis.
What vaccinations should I have for kindergarten?
According to the National Vaccination Calendar, by the age of 1.5-3 years, a child must receive routine vaccination against infections:
Tuberculosis
Siberia has long retained the sad leadership in Russia in terms of tuberculosis incidence. Therefore, already in the maternity hospital, babies should receive a BCG vaccination (BCG - Bacillus Calmette and Geren).
Hepatitis B
The hepatitis B virus leads to the development of acute and chronic liver diseases to complications such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. The risk of contracting the virus varies in different regions of the world. In Russia, the prevalence rate among the population is average (2-8%). Vaccination is given to children in the first hours of life. Vaccination consists of 3 injections according to the scheme 0-1-6 months.
Pneumococcal infection
A whole complex of diseases is caused by the bacterium pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae). It causes pneumonia, bronchitis, otitis media, meningitis, sinusitis, sepsis and a number of other diseases. Children with weakened immune systems and older people with chronic diseases are particularly susceptible. The vaccination course consists of 2 vaccinations (at 2 months, at 4.5 months), and revaccination at 15 months.
Whooping cough
This is an acute bacterial infection transmitted by airborne droplets. Whooping cough is characterized by paroxysmal spasmodic cough, often with the development of convulsive syndrome. The disease is very dangerous for children under 2 years of age. In recent years, there has been a shift of the disease to older age groups of children (7-14 years), and adults are also becoming ill. Before entering kindergarten, vaccinations are recommended according to the schedule of 3-4.5-6 months, as well as revaccination at 18 months.
Diphtheria
The infection is transmitted by airborne droplets. The disease is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes of the oropharynx and nasopharynx. Possible complications: damage to nerve and other cells by extremely poisonous diphtheria toxin, and, as a result, paralysis. With paralysis of the respiratory tract, asphyxia may occur (with croup), causing death. The national calendar provides for vaccination according to the schedule of 3-4.5-6 months, as well as revaccination at 18 months, 6-7 years, 14 years. Adults need a booster vaccination every 10 years.
Tetanus
This infection is caused by tetanus bacillus. An acute course of the disease is characteristic, mainly with damage to the nervous system and convulsions. The patient is not contagious, and transmission of the infection occurs through contact with the pathogen: bacterial spores can persist for a long time in soil, water, and on household objects. In case of illness, the probability of death is high. After illness, immunity does not develop! The vaccination schedule is identical to diphthreia vaccinations: 3-4.5-6 months; revaccination at 18 months, 6-7 years, 14 years. Adults – every 10 years.
Polio
This is a viral disease caused by damage to the nervous system in the form of paralysis and meningitis. It is highly contagious. Humans are the only reservoir for poliovirus, which is spread through the oral-fecal route or through dirty hands. For prevention, two types of vaccines are used: inactivated and live. The first 2 vaccinations are given with inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) at 3 and 4.5 months, and the next with oral polio vaccine (OPV) at 6, 18, 20 months and 14 years. According to indications, all vaccinations can be done with an inactivated vaccine.
Haemophilus influenzae infection
Caused by Haemophilus influenzae. The disease is characterized by damage to the respiratory system, central nervous system and the development of purulent foci in various organs. Leads to the development of pneumonia, meningitis, acute otitis, epiglotitis, sepsis. The source is humans, the infection is transmitted by airborne droplets. Vaccination is done according to indications according to the schedule: 3-4.5-6 months and revaccination at 18 months.
Measles
One of the most contagious diseases in the world! It has almost 100% susceptibility (an unvaccinated person has a very high chance of becoming infected through contact with the virus). You can become infected not only from humans (the virus persists in a room after the patient has been there for up to 4 hours). It has high volatility (it is transferred from room to room and even across floors with air flows). Vaccination is carried out twice: at 12 months and 6 years for children who have not had measles.
Rubella
This is an acute viral infection transmitted from person to person. In children, rubella has a generally mild course. But in some cases it causes neurological complications: encephalitis, myelitis, encephalomyelitis, polyneuritis. Manifested by respiratory manifestations, intoxication and a specific rash. Rubella is extremely dangerous for pregnant women, because can cause severe multiple fetal malformations. The vaccination is given twice at 12 months and at 6 years, as well as for girls aged 18-25 years.
Mumps (mumps)
An acute viral infection, transmitted by airborne droplets, affecting glandular organs. The course of the disease is not as scary as its complications: pancreatitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis. Separately, it is worth noting the danger of mumps for boys - the infection suffered in childhood often leads to infertility. The first vaccination against mumps is given to a child at 1 year of age, and revaccination at 6 years of age.
Flu
WHO estimates that annual influenza epidemics result in 3–5 million cases of severe illness and 390–650 thousand deaths. Because the flu mutates, a new vaccine is developed every year. Both adults and children should be vaccinated annually, starting at 6 months.
Guinea pig quarantine
Even a practically healthy animal does not tolerate catching, transportation, changes in climate, environment, or food. At first, the animal should be carefully looked after, given adequate food, and its behavior and state of health should be carefully monitored. During the first week, watch him eat the food offered to him. If the animal demonstrates a good appetite and has normal bowel movements, then the diet is gradually diversified, finding out what and in what quantity it eats more readily, that is, the daily feeding rate is established.
A sharp transition from one food to another leads to indigestion. During an upset stomach, the animal is given oatmeal or rice broth instead of water, as well as a weak solution of potassium permanganate (one crystal per half liter of water) until the droppings are formed.
During quarantine, it is recommended to conduct a bacteriological examination of guinea pig feces twice (at weekly intervals) in the bacteriological laboratory of a veterinary clinic. After quarantine, a healthy animal is placed in a common cage with other animals; the patient is kept in isolation until recovery.
What's not included in the calendar?
Vaccination opportunities are much wider than the National Vaccination Calendar of the Russian Federation. The Expanded Program on Immunization is available at private vaccination centers. What else can you protect your child from:
Chicken pox
It is highly contagious. This disease is considered mild, but 5% have complications, sometimes very severe. It is not uncommon for a secondary bacterial infection to occur with the development of purulent skin lesions, which can leave cosmetic defects. It has a high risk of infection (80-90%), and the patient becomes infectious even before the rash appears. For protection, you need to get 2 vaccinations with an interval of 6 months. The first vaccination protects by 87%, the second – by 99%, immunity after the second lasts for life. Vaccinated from 1 year of age.
Meningococcal infection
A bacterial form of meningitis that affects the lining of the brain and spinal cord. The danger of infection is that it develops to severe forms at lightning speed (within 24 hours) and is easily transmitted by airborne droplets - through coughing, sneezing and even talking. Children under 5 years of age are most susceptible to the disease. Vaccination of children aged 9 to 23 months is carried out with a course of vaccinations: 2 injections with an interval of at least 3 months. For persons aged 2 to 55 years, vaccination is carried out once.
To bream encephalitis
Encephalitis is the most dangerous of tick-borne infections with damage to the central nervous system and a variety of consequences - from complete recovery to health problems leading to disability and even death. Many people prefer outdoor recreation with the whole family, and begin to take their children with them from a very early age. In such cases, it is reasonable to vaccinate the child first (children are vaccinated from 1 year old). It is also worth considering vaccinating the whole family against tick-borne encephalitis for those who have dogs. Very often, pets bring ticks on themselves from a walk.
Primary vaccination will consist of 3 vaccinations. The interval between the 1st and 2nd vaccination is from 1 to 3 months; immunity is developed already 2 weeks after the second vaccination. The third vaccination is done 9-12 months after the 2nd.
Hepatitis A
The second name is infectious jaundice, and popularly it is the disease of dirty hands. When children come into contact with people in public areas, the risk of developing intestinal infections increases, and hepatitis A is one of them. Vaccination is given to children from 1 year of age. The vaccine requires two doses, 6 months to a year apart.
Vaccinations. Need advice.
Vaccinations. Need advice. ¶
From: nady - April 6, 2008 16:32
Dear breeders! This question has arisen. Is it possible for pigs to receive vaccinations that are intended for rabbits? A veterinarian I know said that there is a massive death rate of guinea pigs in Moscow. The symptoms are almost identical for everyone. Mostly females and cubs die, less often males. The animal becomes lethargic, lies down more, some lose their hind legs, etc. He believes that this is a viral infection and advised vaccinating pigs with a vaccine for rabbits. There is a version that it was a mutated rabbit disease virus, VGBV. I don’t claim that this is really true, but there is such a version. Share your experience and opinions.
Vaccinations. Need advice. ¶
Case. Where is the case? Breeders, owners! This is true. Who has a case? I'm really worried
Vaccinations. Need advice. ¶
From: nady - April 6, 2008 4:42 pm
I was told this information when I went to get my dog vaccinated. At the same time I asked if it was possible to vaccinate pigs? To which I was given this answer.
Vaccinations. Need advice. ¶
From: KsyuKha - April 6, 2008 18:20
Pigs are not vaccinated, especially not with a vaccine for rabbits. Pigs do not get this disease.
People began to have more mumps, and accordingly they began to bring in more sick people. It is necessary to feed a more balanced food for each age.
Vaccinations. Need advice. ¶
From: nady - April 6, 2008 6:30 pm
What about small nurseries or those who have 1-2 pigs? The feeding there is very good. Many sinned on food, many switched to high-quality imported food. But the pigs still die.
Vaccinations. Need advice. ¶
From: iskra - April 6, 2008 7:14 pm
I agree with Ksyukha. Everything comes from feeding. Hind legs are taken away in three cases: when the spine is injured, when the stomach is sick and from a lack of vitamin C. Let’s discard the first, but for the second I’ll say this: With proper treatment, everything goes away, in advanced cases the animal dies.
This is an inflammatory bowel infection. Eimeria are protozoan parasites that can cause hind leg failure. The hind legs are paralyzed, the joints are swollen and the legs almost do not bend. The pig refuses to eat. He falls on his kick and moves his paws, apparently when he has strong spasms. I'm not a vet. I am a doctor, so I am writing my observations. We went through this successfully. The microbe is introduced with food. The disease is treated with baytril and rimadyl.
What vaccinations should you have for school?
A child should receive most vaccinations before the age of 20 months. This is vaccination against all those infections mentioned above. We will summarize everything that has been written and focus on those vaccinations that need to be repeated, i.e. revaccination at 6-7 years of age.
So, according to the National Vaccination Calendar, a preschool child should be vaccinated against the following infections:
- tuberculosis,
- Hepatitis B,
- pneumococcal infection,
- whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus,
- polio,
- hemophilus influenzae type b (for children at risk),
- measles, rubella, mumps,
- influenza (annually).
Before entering school, a series of repeated vaccinations (re-vaccinations) should be carried out against:
- measles, rubella, mumps,
- whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus,
- influenza (annually).
Vaccinations according to the expanded program are recommended:
- from chicken pox,
- from meningococcal infection,
- from tick-borne encephalitis,
- hepatitis A.
Why get vaccinated against rare diseases?
Indeed, some diseases on the list are extremely rare. And this is the merit of vaccination.
Success in the fight against infections has a downside - people stop getting vaccinated because they see a prosperous environment and fewer and fewer threats. Thus, contagious infections, which many have already forgotten about, may again come to the fore.
In Russia, an example of this phenomenon was the diphtheria epidemic in the mid-90s. It seemed that it was extremely rare, but a decrease in the number of vaccinations led to an increase in diseases - more than 100 thousand people. Mass vaccination of children made it possible to stop the epidemic.
Not long ago, many countries around the world experienced outbreaks of measles. In November 2021, WHO published data that there were 413,308 confirmed cases of the disease in 187 countries.
Also in 2019, outbreaks of meningococcal infection were recorded in Novosibirsk.
The only effective measure of protection against many infections is to take advantage of the achievements of modern medicine and maintain high vaccination coverage.
Frequent illnesses
In guinea pigs, the weakest point is the eyes. Do you know anything about diabetic cataracts? It is quite common in humans and dogs.
This disease is manifested by the following symptoms. A white stripe appears between the front of the eye (cornea) and the sclera. This place is called limbus, which means beach in Latin. This mass forms a bone on the outside of the eye, which encourages the formation of another bone, which should not happen. This is called heteroscopic bone formation.
This disease in guinea pigs passes quickly and is very difficult to treat. But there is no need to be afraid, you should know what to do in this case.
Pseudotuberculosis is a chronic disease that is manifested by the formation of nodes on the affected organs and tissues. An animal can become infected with this disease through food. The causative agent is bact.pseudoruberculosis rodentium.
Signs of an animal infection:
- loss of appetite;
- the pig is losing weight;
- stool is disturbed;
- the animal was paralyzed.
If there are no vaccinations, will there be punishment?
This is also just under consideration. The authors of the initiative propose fining officials 10–30 thousand rubles, and legal entities 50–100 thousand rubles. Now only disciplinary measures are used. If the child has not been vaccinated, then in this case restrictions are established (Part 2 of Article 5 of the Law on Immunoprevention of Infectious Diseases).
Due to this restriction, failure to have the required vaccinations may result in you being denied access to educational institutions. But it is important to understand that such a refusal comes into effect in the event of mass infectious diseases or the threat of epidemics.
In addition, without vaccinations they may not be allowed into a number of countries, both for a short stay and for living and working.
Development of the disease in animals
The pathogenesis of rabies depends significantly on various factors. Active reproduction (multiplication) of the virus begins in neurons, and it spreads very quickly along the channels of the nerve trunks (perineural spaces). The rabies virus penetrates the brain tissue and affects the nerve canals of the spinal cord. Distribution in the central nervous system and lymph nodes allows it to penetrate the salivary glands.
Dogs and rabies are a deadly combination.
From here, the rabies virus can be actively released into the external environment and thus spread, moving between organisms. After being bitten by a sick animal, the rabies pathogen passes to another carrier of the virus. This is how infection of other animals or people occurs.
As a result of the development of the virus in the central nervous system, the rabies virus provokes:
- degenerative changes in neurons;
- swelling;
- hemorrhages;
- formation of lymphocytic infiltrates in the affected area.
In the early stages, the first symptoms of rabies manifest themselves in increased reflex excitability, and in the final stage, paralysis of various organs develops, causing the death of the patient.
To help parents
To make vaccination go smoothly and easily, read our article “How to prepare for vaccination for both you and your child”
Remember, a child needs vaccinations not only because of the requirements of health workers at the clinic. If there is more than one child in a family, it is not uncommon for older children to “bring” an unexpected infection to the family from kindergarten or school, and children who have not yet had time to be vaccinated suffer. Vaccination is a protective line for all family members.
Take care of yourself and your loved ones in advance.
And be healthy!
Prevention of rabies
Rabies is a particularly dangerous type of disease in humans and animals. All suspicious animals should be reported to local sanitary or veterinary authorities. All animals that have bitten people must be quarantined for rabies.
The animals are kept for 10 days under strict veterinary control, and visual diagnostics are carried out for them. If during this observation period the animals do not show signs of rabies, then they are considered healthy, and the affected person is considered not infected.
