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Vaccinal prevention
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COVID 19: antibody tests
Preventive vaccinations help avoid the development of epidemics and also significantly reduce the risk of complications from the disease. For vaccination to be truly effective and safe, you should properly prepare for vaccination.
The safety of vaccination depends on the following factors:
- high-quality preparation for the procedure;
- choosing a suitable drug: sometimes it is better to supply an imported vaccine than a cheaper domestic analogue;
- vaccination conditions: it is better to give vaccinations in modern rooms equipped with equipment for anti-shock therapy; If negative reactions to the body occur, the vaccination office staff will be able to quickly provide assistance and refer you to the hospital for a more thorough examination.
What needs to be done before the first or repeated vaccination of a puppy or adult dog?
Before immunization, the animal must undergo examination and appropriate preparation.
Important! If a deviation from the norm is detected, vaccination is prohibited.
Health check
The first step to prepare your dog for vaccination is thermometry. She should show 37.5-39.2. For puppies and small breeds – 38.5-39.4. The mucous membranes should be normal without signs of inflammation or anemia. The coat is healthy-looking and shiny, and does not fall out. Avoid wounds and skin defects. Appetite is within normal range. If your pet's condition is questionable, you can do a general blood test. This will exclude possible diseases. The vet will do everything. You can take a course of immunostimulants 30 days before vaccination.
Is it necessary and why to do worming?
Before vaccination, the dog is driven away from worms every time before this procedure. Puppies being vaccinated for the first time are dewormed twice. The fact is that a dog infected with worms becomes weakened. Immunity decreases. With a high degree of parasite infestation, the animal is exhausted, and there can be no talk of a qualitative response to the vaccine.
The worm in the intestines releases toxins that poison the body. The immune system will not be strengthened. On the contrary, an adverse reaction to the drug may occur, and the consequences are unpredictable. Vaccination itself deals a blow to all the vital systems of the pet, and if they are weakened, the load can become unbearable.
Dog's first vaccination
Taking care of your dog’s health means not only proper nutrition and exercise, but also protection from dangerous diseases and illnesses.
Dogs should receive their first vaccination between 6 and 8 weeks of age.
Whether you are adopting or purchasing a puppy, be sure to obtain any medical documentation. In the first year, puppies need to visit the veterinarian several times for vaccinations.
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How and with what to get rid of worms before vaccination?
The list of drugs is long, but we note that you can use both veterinary drugs and those from a human pharmacy.
List, advantages and disadvantages of anthelmintics
The most common drug is Albendazole, also known as:
- Aldazole,
- Sanoxal,
- Wormil,
- Zentel,
- Farmox,
- Nemozol.
This is a relatively inexpensive drug that is available in almost all regions. Easy to dose - 1 tablet per 10 kg. body weight. It has a wide spectrum of action and works against most helminthiases, including tapeworms. Sometimes you come across low-quality tablets.
Important! The disadvantages include very severe symptoms in case of overdose. Side effects are quite wide.
Drontal Plus also has a wide spectrum of action. In large cities, most pharmacies have them. High quality original products, but often counterfeit products are found (they are counterfeited because of the price). Compared to Albendazole, the price varies tenfold. Side effects, if there are any, are extremely low in effect. The drug is safe to the point that it can be used by bitches at the 3rd stage of pregnancy (albeit, in case of urgent need). Easy to dose.
Pyrantel (from human pharmacy). Yellow emulsion or tablets are ideal deworming medications for puppies before vaccination. The advantage is that even with an overdose of the drug, a tiny fraction of it remains in the body. It is excreted quickly and infects helminths. There are side effects, but they may not appear (poor absorption). Puppies are given the emulsion, dosing it with a syringe. Pleasant to the taste. Relatively inexpensive and common.
Attention! The disadvantage is a weak spectrum of parasite damage in the intestines and body. Puppies have enough of it, but adult animals do not. Pills won't work for them either.
The main drugs used for anthelmintics are given, their list is much wider and you will be consulted at a pharmacy or veterinary clinic.
How many days before vaccination should a dog be wormed?
Why does the procedure need to be done in advance? How many days before vaccination should a dog be wormed? In 10 days. This way we will check the presence of dead parasites, the reaction of the animal’s body to the products of their decay upon death, and the condition of the pet after cleansing of them. The reaction to the drug itself is also checked. For greater clarity, you can conduct a scatological study in a hospital.
How to worm a puppy before the first vaccination? This is done, for example, using a Pyrantel suspension. At the age of 21 days it is given orally in a dose of 0.5-1 ml. depending on the size and weight of the puppy. Very often they become infected with helminths from their mother. Then 10 days immediately before the first vaccination at 6 or 12 weeks.
When using other drugs, follow the manufacturer's instructions accordingly.
Is it necessary to worm a puppy before the second vaccination? In the same order and for the same reasons 10 days before the procedure.
How to properly give a dog a tablet or liquid anthelmintic drug?
You can resort to tablets and liquid medicines (suspensions). The tablets are suitable for adult dogs. One Albendazole tablet is designed for 10 kg of live weight. For a pet weighing 35 kg, you need to give 3.5 tablets. Other drugs are less suitable and difficult to dose. For example, if 1 tablet is designed for 16 kg of weight, then for a 35 kg animal you need to take 2 whole and 1/8 tablets, without crumbling, losing, etc. This is difficult and inconvenient.
The tablets are placed on the root of the tongue and the mouth is clamped with the hands until swallowed. One pill is given at a time for fidelity. If the dog does not swallow the tablet, then while continuing to clamp its mouth, we stroke the neck under the muzzle until the swallowing reflex is triggered.
It is optimal to give puppies a suspension. It is easy to dose with a syringe and is less toxic. A very safe drug. Take 0.5-1 cube of suspension in a syringe without a needle and slowly inject it onto the root of the tongue. Then we squeeze the mouth with our hands to swallow.
These procedures can be performed at home.
Vaccination schedule
The vaccination schedule can be found below.
Vaccination schedule for dogs
Please be aware that there may be differences from the schedule shown. The veterinarian assesses the pet’s general condition and only after that makes a conclusion about which vaccines to administer to the animal and at what time. The veterinarian gives recommendations regarding the specific manufacturer whose drugs should be purchased. We do not recommend taking the initiative and looking for a medicine on your own, as it can negatively affect the dog’s well-being.
Vaccination with Nobivak will allow you to move freely around Europe with your pet
If you are going to travel abroad with your pet, be sure to notify your doctor. European Union countries, for example, have their own requirements for the use of vaccines. Since the vaccines used are displayed in the veterinary passport, it is advisable to immediately focus on the drugs preferred by the EU. Such drugs include Nobivak and Duramun.
Vaccination scheme
There is no single vaccination schedule, since when developing a schedule, the doctor takes into account both the condition of the puppy and the drug used. Therefore, each time an individual scheme is developed, going beyond the limits of which is undesirable and dangerous for the pet’s health, since during the vaccination period it is more vulnerable than ever.
For each dog, veterinarians develop their own drug administration regimens, based on possible complications.
How to prepare a dog for vaccination - preparation rules
All instructions listed above must be followed. The dog must be:
- healthy,
- not exhausted
- with a good appetite.
If pathologies are identified, take measures to eliminate them. Do not use immunostimulants or immunosuppressants 30 days before vaccination. Do not vaccinate puppy dogs. Before vaccination and after, do not change the diet and conditions of detention. Avoid transportation. 10 days before vaccination, carry out deworming. Strictly follow the indicated age of the puppy in the instructions for the drug and repeat at the appointed time. Vaccinate the litter at the same time.
Is it possible and necessary to wash a dog before vaccination?
It is not recommended to bathe your dog before vaccination and 10 days before it. You can get by with wiping with a napkin or washing without completely soaking the dog and only if absolutely necessary. Puppies should not be bathed at all before their first vaccination. They may catch a cold and their immunity will weaken. Their contact with the outside world is very limited and it is difficult for them to become polluted to a critical level.
During quarantine, take precautions as indicated above. When re-vaccinating, adults can undergo water procedures earlier, but only in warm weather and not for long. Before vaccination, bathing is possible under the same conditions.
Do I need to feed my dog before vaccination, when can I give food after?
Of course you can. Before vaccination, a healthy dog eats as usual and on a regular schedule.
Important! Do not change your diet and do not give foods that can cause allergies!
After vaccination, the rules are repeated as before the procedure. The diet remains the same. Sometimes feeding times change. Immediately after vaccination, the dog may refuse to eat and drink only water for a while. It is not recommended to add sugar to water.
What vaccinations does a puppy need? useful tips for vaccination
Vaccines are designed to build immunity. It is important to understand what vaccinations a puppy needs to get so that the baby does not suffer from the disease against which the injections are given. The owner is one hundred percent responsible for the health of the pupil, and such a simple procedure can protect the dog from an unsafe infection that can easily be caught during a walk.
Is it possible to feed a puppy before vaccination?
Before the procedure, it is important to monitor the condition of your pet - determine body temperature 2-3 days before, assess appetite, activity, absence of eating disorders, discharge from the nose and eyes. When puppies are vaccinated, they are provided with proper feeding to develop normal immunity, especially after the procedure. There are no special contraindications to eating before vaccination, but if your pet, for example, gets motion sickness in transport, it is better to feed it after returning home about three hours later.
Is it possible to bathe a puppy before vaccination?
Experienced veterinarians do not advise washing pets before vaccination. To find out when you can vaccinate your puppy, you need to assess its condition. The dog must be active and cheerful, feel great and have excellent health. And after taking a bath, you just catch a cold, the protective characteristics of the skin decrease, then it will be more difficult for the body to cope with a double infection.
Is it possible to administer the vaccine yourself at home? Is it worth it?
This option is acceptable. It happens that there is no specialist nearby, and the clinic is very far away. Sometimes people just want to save money - the difference will be significant. In this case, you need to have the skills to administer injections to animals. Know how to handle the drug, store and transport it correctly.
If the vaccine is not stored at 4-8 degrees, it will die. It is important to prepare the animal yourself, as described above. Follow the instructions in the instructions for the drug (age, date of revaccination). Be sure to decontaminate the syringe and containers by burning or boiling for 15 minutes.
Important! Such a vaccination will not be confirmed by the regulatory authority!
Even self-glued labels from bottles of the drug will not give you permission to move or take other actions that require vaccination of your pet.
In this case, revaccination is carried out, but in an official institution. This is especially true for rabies vaccination.
How the vaccine works
A small amount of virus or bacteria is injected with the vaccine. This stimulates the immune system, and it begins to produce specific antibodies. The next time they encounter an infection, they will immediately react and fight the pathogen. The disease can be avoided altogether or it will occur in a mild, and sometimes hidden, form.
Vaccination itself cannot cause infection, because killed or inactivated viruses and bacteria enter the body. But, if the animal is already infected and is in a state of “fragile equilibrium,” vaccination can actually provoke the rapid development of the disease.
conclusions
Preparing for vaccination is an important process for both a puppy and an adult dog. The quality of the formed immunity depends on this. Vaccination itself is stressful for the body. Side effects are possible, but with timely help the outcome is good. Parasites in the intestines weaken the animal. The range of anthelmintic drugs is wide. It is possible to vaccinate dogs at home, but only if you have skills in this area. This vaccination is not registered at the state level.
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Nikitin Sergey
I write about dogs based on the experience and knowledge gained during my studies as a veterinarian, work in my specialty, and simply from observing my pets.
When to start preparing for vaccination
Ideally, preparation for vaccination takes about two weeks. This period especially needs to be maintained before serious vaccinations, for example, DPT. If your immune system is weakened, chronic diseases often occur, or there is a high risk of an allergic reaction, it is advisable to visit an immunologist.
The child will need psychological preparation before vaccination. It is better to explain the purpose of the visit to the treatment room in advance; you can watch a themed cartoon or play a game with a similar plot.
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Before vaccinating your dog
Infectious diseases of animals are one of the common causes of their death. The best prevention is vaccination. It protects against plague, rabies and other equally dangerous diseases. There are a few rules you should know before vaccinating your dog. Before vaccinating your dog, it is important to choose a trusted veterinary clinic. If storage conditions are incorrect, the drug loses its properties. A veterinary hospital that values its reputation purchases vaccines from reliable suppliers. A few days before the injection, the dog's temperature is checked. In adults it reaches 37-39˚С, in puppies – 39.5˚С. The first vaccination is carried out twice with an interval of 21 days. Both times you need to inject the same vaccine. A mistake can be fatal for the animal. On the day of vaccination, it is important to examine the dog and ask questions about its well-being. The injection site is treated with alcohol. A disposable Spitz is used to administer the vaccine. After vaccination, immunity is developed within two weeks. At this time, it is important to avoid external threats to the animal: you should not take it to places where other pets gather (parks, veterinary clinics, etc.).
How to vaccinate a puppy? When to revaccinate?
Is it recommended to vaccinate dogs against infectious diseases? Vaccination has been proven to significantly reduce the risk of bacterial and viral infections. If it does occur, it is mild and with minimal risk of complications. Considering the current high prevalence of infectious diseases, this measure is necessary. How does the vaccine work, and can you get sick from the vaccine?
With a vaccine, a small amount of a weakened and/or killed infectious disease pathogen is introduced into the body. Cells of the immune system recognize the antigens of bacteria or viruses as foreigners and produce antibodies that neutralize the “enemy agent.” The presence of antibodies to the infectious agent determines the immunity of animals to the infection. When an infection “from the street” enters a vaccinated body, antibodies immediately block it, thereby preventing the disease. It takes 3 weeks to develop a sufficient amount of antibodies to repel an attack from a bacterial or viral pathogen, and their maximum number reaches approximately four weeks after vaccination. For 12 months, the amount of antibodies will remain at the level necessary to prevent the disease. And after a year, to maintain strong immunity, it is worth vaccinating again.
How effective is vaccination?
The effectiveness of vaccination in dogs according to the recommended schedule is on average from 80 to 100%.
What diseases can be prevented by vaccination?
In recent years, vaccination of dogs against infectious diseases has become widespread. Currently, a large number of vaccines have been proposed to protect dogs from diseases such as rabies, hepatitis, parvovirus enteritis, adenovirosis, plague, and leptospirosis. Mostly weakened (live) and inactivated (killed) vaccines are used. The most widely used vaccines include the following vaccines: Nobivak, Eurican, Vanguard, Duramun.
A special place among these vaccines is occupied by the Nobivak vaccine, produced in Holland. In addition to the above diseases, it contains a component that protects against the so-called “aviary cough”, i.e. canine parainfluenza (Nobivak DHPPi vaccine). Dogs from kennels and dogs that have a large number of contacts with other animals (at holding centers, at exhibitions, etc.) should be regularly vaccinated against this infection. The Nobivak Puppi DP vaccine is also available, which can be used from 4-6 weeks of age. The fact is that maternal antibodies, which the puppy receives with colostrum in the first three days of feeding, provide protection for the small animal for 4-6 weeks.
What is the “window of receptivity”?
This is the period in a puppy’s life (from 6 weeks to 3 months) when the titer of maternal antibodies in the blood decreases. At this time, the risk of contracting infectious diseases increases sharply. Depending on various factors (multiple pregnancy, early weaning, type of feeding, regular vaccination of the mother, parasitic diseases, etc.), the specific timing of the “window of susceptibility” may shift. Since the most adequate immune response to the vaccine occurs when the titer of maternal antibodies in the puppy’s blood is low, vaccination is best carried out during the “window of receptivity” (under optimal feeding conditions from 2 to 3 months). Before vaccination, as a rule, the puppy’s blood is not tested for the titer of maternal antibodies, therefore, in order to reliably fall within the “window of susceptibility” period, it is necessary to vaccinate twice with an interval of 21-28 days. In the event that the risk of postponing vaccinations is too high, for example, if there is a possibility of contact of a puppy with a sick animal, in the event of an epidemic of parvovirus or plague in nurseries, as well as in case of early weaning, it is recommended to vaccinate puppies with the Nobivak Puppi DP vaccine starting from 4-6 weeks
To protect puppies from other infectious diseases in addition to distemper and parvovirus enteritis, other vaccines and their combinations are used. For viral hepatitis, adenoviral infection, canine parainfluenza, leptospirosis and rabies, Nobivak DHPPi is used in combination with Nobivak Lepto (at the age of 8-9 weeks) and Nobivak DHPPi in combination with Nobivak Lepto and Nobivak Rabies or Nobivak RL (at the age of 12 weeks).
Recommended schedules for vaccinating puppies with the Nobivak vaccine, supported by positive reviews from veterinarians:
In cases where vaccination of puppies at the age of 4-6 weeks was not carried out, the Nobivac DHPPi vaccine is used starting from 8 weeks of age, with repeated vaccination after 4 weeks. In some cases, in the first year of life, revaccination is recommended after changing teeth. It is recommended to carry out a single annual revaccination. Before the procedure, 10-14 days before the procedure, animals are dewormed and the skin is treated against parasites.
Is it possible to vaccinate a puppy during teething?
If for some reason the vaccination schedule was violated, then it is necessary to vaccinate the puppy during the period of teeth change (from 3.5 to 7 months). There are no contraindications for this.
Can dogs be vaccinated while in heat?
It is not recommended to vaccinate animals during estrus. Vaccination of bitches can be carried out no earlier than two weeks after the end of estrus.
Is it possible to feed a cat before vaccination: the answer is simple and detailed
Many owners follow the advice of a fasting diet before visiting a doctor. It’s interesting that most people don’t understand why you shouldn’t feed your animal before the clinic. As a result of this, another prohibition arises, that you cannot feed a cat before vaccination. Whether this statement is true will be discussed below.
What is vaccination?
According to the recommendations of the International Veterinary Association and the World Organization to Combat Epidemiological Threats, vaccination of animals is recognized as a mandatory measure. Responsibility for this lies with the owner or the state if we are talking about stray or wild four-legged animals. Prevention of viral outbreaks in wild animals is carried out using special fertilizers.
In theory, everything is clear, animals need to be vaccinated, but how do they work and what exactly are vaccinations for? In a broad sense, vaccination is a measure to stimulate the immune system and produce antibodies to certain viruses. Immunity to the virus can be natural or artificial. In the first case, we are talking about the fact that the pet became infected with the virus and recovered, in the second about vaccinations. You need to understand that many viruses are fatal even with timely treatment. There are also incurable viruses.
The immune system, or more precisely, immunity, is a system of complex protection of the body from negative external factors. We are not just talking about viruses; the immune system protects the body from bacteria, fungi and other harmful agents. For each microbe (cell), the body must develop protection (antibodies). It turns out that to protect a cat, the body must have time to produce antibodies before the virus or other harmful agent has time to multiply.
Vaccines are divided into two types, so-called live and synthetic. In both cases, during vaccination, weakened, less often dead, virus cells are introduced into the cat’s body. The immune system reacts to a foreign protein that has entered the body and produces antibodies. Since the virus is weakened or killed in advance, most of the antibodies are not used, but still multiply in the blood for some time. Depending on the type of virus, antibodies to it remain in the cat’s blood from 3 months to 3 years. Animals develop lifelong immunity to some viruses, but this only happens if the cat gets sick and recovers. Vaccines do not provide lifelong immunity.
Important! Vaccination is not a complete guarantee that the cat will not get sick. However, a vaccinated animal, in case of infection, tolerates the disease much easier.
According to the recommendation of the International Veterinary Association, all cats should be vaccinated with mandatory vaccines:
Rabies vaccinations are considered mandatory only in areas with an epidemiological threat. In Russia and many post-Soviet countries, rabies vaccination is not only mandatory, but also paramount.
How many vaccinations should I have and what problems should I expect?
It's no secret that kittens are particularly endangered. The body of an adult cat, even if it is not vaccinated, can resist the virus for a long time. It is not a fact that she will survive or survive the disease without irreversible consequences, but you and the veterinarian will have time to provide assistance. When it comes to saving a kitten, time ticks by hours and sometimes minutes. Even the most high-quality and correct solution is not able to save an organism whose immunity has been destroyed.
Timely vaccination, provided the animal is properly prepared, is tolerated without complications in 99% of cases. The body’s reaction is very individual; generation and the quality of the vaccine play a significant role.
Normal complications are:
If the cat’s condition after vaccination does not go beyond the limits described above and lasts up to 2 days, the reaction to the vaccination can be considered normal. What happens in 1% of cases? Due to individual intolerance, a cat may experience an allergic reaction of varying degrees:
High-risk adverse reactions occur within a few hours of vaccine administration. If your pet is prone to allergies, is weak, or due to circumstances is not prepared for vaccination, consult your doctor in advance about how to properly provide first aid.
Is it possible to vaccinate pregnant and lactating dogs?
According to the rules, the procedure should take place no later than 2 weeks before mating, so that the dog can be prepared and not worry about it getting sick during pregnancy. In addition, puppies will receive maximum immune protection through the placenta and then through the milk.
A dog can be vaccinated in the first third of pregnancy (first 20 days) only with Nobivak or Eurikan vaccines. But she will no longer protect the puppies. If vaccination was not possible. You will have to wait until your pet gives birth and gets stronger, and then vaccinate her along with the babies.
The breeder often gives the first vaccination to puppies and the future owner does not have to choose a brand of vaccine, he repeats the same one according to the schedule
