Contraindications
Vaccination is not carried out: in case of acute or chronic infections, diseases of the nervous system, severe liver diseases, allergies to egg white or other components of the vaccine, diseases of the immune system (including HIV infection or HIV infection with a helper cell level of less than 200 / mm3 ), immunosuppressive therapy (for example, systemic treatment with cortisone in the form of tablets or injections), radiation and chemotherapy, during pregnancy, breastfeeding, the condition after removal of the thymus gland or its dysfunction, in addition, it is prohibited to vaccinate infants under 9 months of age.
Other vaccinations against measles, mumps, rubella and chickenpox can be given either at the same time or 4 weeks before or after the yellow fever vaccination. Vaccine viruses are not transmitted to other people; the person who has been vaccinated is safe for other family members, including pregnant women and small children. Since there are isolated cases of transmission of vaccine viruses from a nursing mother to a child, it is impossible to vaccinate a nursing woman. If one of the above conditions applies directly to you or there are any doubts, then you should consult a vaccinologist before the intended vaccination.
Indications for yellow fever vaccination
Vaccination against yellow fever is not mandatory in Russia.
Vaccination is required in the following cases:
- living in Africa and South America;
- when planning a trip to these countries;
- employees of institutions working with the pathogenic virus;
- during the development of an epidemic;
- healthcare workers and other workers who are likely to come into contact with patients infected with yellow fever.
Additionally, it is recommended to vaccinate in childhood (at 9 months), especially in families where parents may come into contact with the virus and be a source of infection.
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Normal reactions and side effects of vaccination
After vaccination, monitoring of the patient's condition is required. It is important to promptly distinguish the body’s natural reaction from side effects.
| Acceptable reaction | Side effects |
| The appearance of redness and swelling in the area where the vaccine was administered. It goes away on its own. | Allergic reaction of the body to the composition. The rash can be localized both at the site of vaccine administration and throughout the body. In severe forms of manifestation, an emergency call is required. |
| An inflammatory process in the lymph nodes, accompanied by pain. | Suppuration of the injection site due to non-compliance with the rules of disinfection and infection penetration into the puncture site. |
| General malaise with aching muscles and joints. | A sharp increase in temperature, severe weakness and general deterioration of the condition. The development of this reaction is possible when vaccination is given immediately after an illness or due to other causal decreases in immunity. Urgent hospitalization is required. |
| A slight increase in temperature for 1-3 days. |
If you follow the rules of preparation for vaccination and behavior in the post-vaccination period, a negative reaction rarely occurs.
Instructions for use of live dry yellow fever vaccine
The causative agent of the disease in a weakened form is sensitive to antibiotics and disinfectants. Therefore, it is recommended to observe disinfection measures with special care. Otherwise, the procedure will be ineffective. It is important that the vaccine itself and the solvent must be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature range of 4-8 degrees until the procedure.
Sequence of vaccination:
- Combine the virus cells with the solvent in a ratio of 1:10. The mixing procedure lasts up to 5 minutes.
- When the components form a homogeneous consistency of yellow-pink color, the composition must be kept for another 15 minutes.
- The finished solution can be stored for no more than 1 hour at a temperature of 2-6 degrees;
- For vaccination, 0.5 ml of the prepared solution is required.
- The composition is injected using a syringe into the scapular region (outer corner) intramuscularly or subcutaneously.
At the end of the procedure, the health worker makes a note on the vaccination certificate about the date of vaccination, what drug was used and the side effects that occurred (if any). Remaining composition must not be disposed of by flushing the product down the drain, as the virus may spread.
2. Symptoms of the disease
As its name suggests, yellow fever has two symptoms: fever and yellowing of the skin. They appear 3-6 days after infection. However, not all people experience these symptoms. Other primary symptoms include muscle pain, headache, and vomiting.
The next stage is remission, which lasts two days. Most patients recover at this point, but in 15% of those infected, yellow fever returns and progresses to a new stage.
Yellow fever turns hemorrhagic and is accompanied by internal bleeding, high fever, damage to the liver, kidneys and circulatory system. About half of patients die at this stage.
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How to avoid getting sick or recover from malaria. Reasonable sequence of actions
- Buy at your local pharmacy (or take with you from Russia) all kinds of repellents, such as special napkins, stickers, sprays and fumigators.
- Buy a malaria test and antimalarial tablets at your local pharmacy (in Russia, according to the information we have, it is not available).
- If you feel unwell and/or in doubt, use the test and, if it shows infection, consult a doctor. Only after consultation with a specialist should you start taking medications.
